chapter 1 American Pagent

Joint stock companies

developed to gather savings from middle class to finance colonies

Encomienda System

plantation systems where indians were enslaved under the disguise of being converted to Christianity

Sir Walter Raleigh

Founder of first american colony- Roanoke

John Smith

military leader of Jamestown who saved it from collapsing

Powhatan

Chief of the powhatan confederacy and father of pocahontas. friend of John Smith and John Rolfe who was saved by Pocahontas

John Rolfe

englishman who became a colonist in Virginia. Saved the virginia colony by starting the tobacco industry

Anne Hutchinson

Woman who sparked debate about religion and politics in the Massachusetts Bay Colony

William Bradford

Pilgrim that lived in Plymouth. chosen governor 30 times

William Berkeley

British colonial governor of Virginia from 1642-52

Jonathan Edwards

American theologian that sparked the Great Awakening- a religious revival

Michel-Guillaume de Crevecour

french settler of America in the 1770s. he was shocked to see that americans were really all of different origins

John Peter Zenger

New York publisher who was taken to court for criticizing the governor of New York

Phillis Wheatley

slave girl who became a poet

House of Burgesses

the first law-making assembly in an English colony

Royal Charter

document given to founders of a colony by the monarch with special privileges

slave codes

set in 1661. denied basic slave fundamental rights and gave owners permission to do whatever they wanted to them

proprietor

a person granted ownership of charters by the king. Maryland, Pennsylvania, and Delaware

Primogeniture

a law stating that all property passes to the firstborn son

Indentured Servitude

working for a set amount of time to gain freedom to own property

starving time

winter of 1609 colonists of Virginia were starving to death and only 60 of 400 survived.

Act of Toleration

a 1649 Maryland law that provided religious freedom for all Christians

Virginia Company

joint stock company in 1607 founded to find gold and a waterway to the Indies

Iroquois Confederacy

Native American group in New York that was united and successful that sided with the British

Predestination

Calvin's religious theory that God has already planned out a person's life.

freemen

term for indentured servants who had finished their time and were now free

pilgrims

separatists- landed at Plymouth Rock in Massachusetts in an attempt to avoid their children undergoing "dutchification"

New England Confederation

union of 4 colonies in 1643. purpose was to defend against enemies such as the Indians, French, and Dutch

Calvinism

set of beliefs established in the 1500s by John Calvin. encouraged ideas of simple

Navigation Laws

restricted the use of foreign ships for trade between Britain and its colonies

Puritans

group of religious reformists that sought to purify the Anglican Church

Separatists

pilgrims that started out in Holland in the 1620s and traveled on the Mayflower over the Atlantic Ocean

Protestant Ethic

commitment made by the puritans in which they would work on and pursue world affairs

Mayflower Compact

contract made by voyagers on the Mayflower that they would form a simple government of majority rule

Fundamental Orders of Connecticut

1639, first constitution formed by the Connecticut River colonists

Headright System

When a person bought their way to America they were granted with 50 acres of land

Middle Passage

middle segment of the forced journey Africans took to America in the 1600s

Bacon's Rebellion

1676, Bacon led a rebellion against people who were kind to Indians

Paxton Boys

group of Scots-Irish men living in the Appalachian Hills that wanted protection from the Indians. protested against Quakers

Regulator Movement

movement during the 1760s by Scots-Irish in North Carolina that resented the way the eastern part of the state dominated political affairs.

Great Awakening

a religious movement that swept through the colonies in the 1730s and 1740s

Triangular Trade

trade route between three destinations, such as Britain, West Africa, and the West Indies

Molasses Act

Tax placed on foreign molasses

Scots-Irish

group of people who fled Scotland in 1600s to escape poverty and religious oppression. Relocated first to Ireland and then to America.

Huguenots

French Protestants of the 1500s and 1600s