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Joint stock companies
developed to gather savings from middle class to finance colonies
Encomienda System
plantation systems where indians were enslaved under the disguise of being converted to Christianity
Sir Walter Raleigh
Founder of first american colony- Roanoke
John Smith
military leader of Jamestown who saved it from collapsing
Powhatan
Chief of the powhatan confederacy and father of pocahontas. friend of John Smith and John Rolfe who was saved by Pocahontas
John Rolfe
englishman who became a colonist in Virginia. Saved the virginia colony by starting the tobacco industry
Anne Hutchinson
Woman who sparked debate about religion and politics in the Massachusetts Bay Colony
William Bradford
Pilgrim that lived in Plymouth. chosen governor 30 times
William Berkeley
British colonial governor of Virginia from 1642-52
Jonathan Edwards
American theologian that sparked the Great Awakening- a religious revival
Michel-Guillaume de Crevecour
french settler of America in the 1770s. he was shocked to see that americans were really all of different origins
John Peter Zenger
New York publisher who was taken to court for criticizing the governor of New York
Phillis Wheatley
slave girl who became a poet
House of Burgesses
the first law-making assembly in an English colony
Royal Charter
document given to founders of a colony by the monarch with special privileges
slave codes
set in 1661. denied basic slave fundamental rights and gave owners permission to do whatever they wanted to them
proprietor
a person granted ownership of charters by the king. Maryland, Pennsylvania, and Delaware
Primogeniture
a law stating that all property passes to the firstborn son
Indentured Servitude
working for a set amount of time to gain freedom to own property
starving time
winter of 1609 colonists of Virginia were starving to death and only 60 of 400 survived.
Act of Toleration
a 1649 Maryland law that provided religious freedom for all Christians
Virginia Company
joint stock company in 1607 founded to find gold and a waterway to the Indies
Iroquois Confederacy
Native American group in New York that was united and successful that sided with the British
Predestination
Calvin's religious theory that God has already planned out a person's life.
freemen
term for indentured servants who had finished their time and were now free
pilgrims
separatists- landed at Plymouth Rock in Massachusetts in an attempt to avoid their children undergoing "dutchification"
New England Confederation
union of 4 colonies in 1643. purpose was to defend against enemies such as the Indians, French, and Dutch
Calvinism
set of beliefs established in the 1500s by John Calvin. encouraged ideas of simple
Navigation Laws
restricted the use of foreign ships for trade between Britain and its colonies
Puritans
group of religious reformists that sought to purify the Anglican Church
Separatists
pilgrims that started out in Holland in the 1620s and traveled on the Mayflower over the Atlantic Ocean
Protestant Ethic
commitment made by the puritans in which they would work on and pursue world affairs
Mayflower Compact
contract made by voyagers on the Mayflower that they would form a simple government of majority rule
Fundamental Orders of Connecticut
1639, first constitution formed by the Connecticut River colonists
Headright System
When a person bought their way to America they were granted with 50 acres of land
Middle Passage
middle segment of the forced journey Africans took to America in the 1600s
Bacon's Rebellion
1676, Bacon led a rebellion against people who were kind to Indians
Paxton Boys
group of Scots-Irish men living in the Appalachian Hills that wanted protection from the Indians. protested against Quakers
Regulator Movement
movement during the 1760s by Scots-Irish in North Carolina that resented the way the eastern part of the state dominated political affairs.
Great Awakening
a religious movement that swept through the colonies in the 1730s and 1740s
Triangular Trade
trade route between three destinations, such as Britain, West Africa, and the West Indies
Molasses Act
Tax placed on foreign molasses
Scots-Irish
group of people who fled Scotland in 1600s to escape poverty and religious oppression. Relocated first to Ireland and then to America.
Huguenots
French Protestants of the 1500s and 1600s
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