Introduction to IT - D322 Study Guide

All of the following are compiled languages except for:

Javascript

BASIC

Java

C++

Javascript

Which of the following statements best describes the difference between information systems and information technology?

There is no difference between information systems and Information Technology.

An information system does not have to use computer hardware; whereas information technology requires the use of hardware and software.

Information Technology is a broader concept and information systems provide the infrastructure for information technology.

An information system requires the use of computer hardware and software; whereas information technology refers only to networks and tools that facilitate communication.

An information system does not have to use computer hardware; whereas information technology requires the use of hardware and software.

In a __________ shell forward slash (/) is used to express directory paths?

Windows

Linux

Linux

This server addresses protocols such as: IMAP, POP3, SMTP, HTTP, MAPI, and MIME?

Web Server

eMail Server

FTP Server

File Server

eMail Server

Which of the following best describes the differences between memory and the hard drive?

Memory is an internal component that directly or indirectly connects computer components; whereas the hard drive is an external storage device.

Memory stores instructions and data used by programs in the moment; whereas a hard drive stores data, programs, and files that can be accessed at a future time.

Memory carries out basic instructions that operate a computer; whereas the hard drive is a long-term storage device.

Memory is an electronic component used to store instructions for future use; whereas a hard drive is attached to the motherboard and enables the communication between components.

Memory stores instructions and data used by programs in the moment; whereas a hard drive stores data, programs, and files that can be accessed at a future time.

Which of the following is an accurate definition of a computer system?

A computer system is a collection of hardware and software components that work together to meet the needs of the user.

A computer system is hardware devices that work together.

A computer system consists of the operating system that tells the computer how to execute commands.

A computer system is a network that allows computers, tablets, smartphones, etc. to connect to the Internet.

A computer system is a collection of hardware and software components that work together to meet the needs of the user.

The scope of the project is considered what?

Determined in the closing phase

Always accurately identified in the initiation phase

The work that needs to be done

Not at any risk

The work that needs to be done

Which of the following best describes the purpose of expansion slots in modern computers?

Expansion slots can be used to store programs and data.

Expansion slots allow additional processors to be connected to the motherboard.

Expansion slots can be used to connect additional peripheral devices such as an external hard drive or monitor.

Expansion slots allow additional cards to be connected to the motherboard that interface with peripheral devices.

Expansion slots allow additional cards to be connected to the motherboard that interface with peripheral devices.

This type of software is made freely available as source code.

Open source software

Public domain software

Shareware software

Freeware software

Open Source Software

Which of the four main components of a computer is described by this statement: This component executes all of the arithmetic and logic operations and is responsible for controlling (commanding) all of the components in the computer.

I/O Subsystem

CPU

Memory

Bus

CPU

Which of the following are the three main categories of databases?

Hierarchical , Flat File, Relational

Relational , Hierarchal, Java

Isolated , Relational, Flat File

Flat File , Isolated, Hierarchal

Hierarchical , Flat File, Relational

The _______ keyword in SQL is used to inform the DBMS what fields or attributes are of interest (and where they are located, i.e. which table/relation they can be found in).

FROM

SELECT

WHERE

SELECT

What is another term that defines a script?

Pascal

Compiler

Machine Code

Interpreted program

Interpreted program

This database structure format organizes data using a tree-like or organizational chart type structure (i.e. parent-child structure).

Flat File

Hierarchal

Relational

Hierarchal

A program written in a high-level language must be converted into __________ code to be executed by the computer.

JavaScript

Machine

High Level Language

C++

Machine

__________ uses the concept of reflection of light through a core made up of glass or plastic.

Chain link cable

Ethernet cable

Coaxial cable

Optical wire

Optical wire

Which of the following is the correct function of the compiler?

Every instruction is translated first and then executed and this must be done every time the program is run.

Takes the most recently entered instruction, translates it into machine language, and executes it.

Translates the entire program, creating an executable program, which can be run at a later time.

Allows programmers to more easily write programs.

Translates the entire program, creating an executable program, which can be run at a later time.

The _______ includes the protocol, domain, and all subdomains, as well as the resource path ID and name of the document.

TCP

URL

HTTP

SSL

URL

In the _______ phase of the SDLC (system development life cycle), architects think about the components that they would need to solve the problem or implement the plan.

Analysis

Design

Testing

Maintenance

Planning

Design

Which of the following is an example of a relational database?

A database that is broken up so that one part of a record is in one location in the database and another part is in a different branch.

A database containing student records with fields such as Student ID, First Name, Last Name, Major, GPA that links to other databases in the University's system.

Records in the database are separated by some delimiter, such as comma or a line.

A database containing student records with fields such as Student ID, First Name, Last Name, Major, GPA that links to other databases in the University's system.

During _______ users test the system in an operational setting to make sure the system continues to align with business objectives and meet the goals of the stakeholders.

End-User Testing

Alpha Testing

User Acceptance

Testing

Beta Testing

User Acceptance Testing

What is the definition of business intelligence?

Business intelligence is a term used to depict a network structure that allows greater communication among different parts of an organization.

Business intelligence is a term used to reflect the knowledge a business can create by analyzing data gathered from multiple sources.

Business intelligence refers to a specific type of server used to gather data that can be analyzed by an organization.

Business intelligence refers to a specific software application businesses can use to gather data from their competitors.

Business intelligence is a term used to reflect the knowledge a business can create by analyzing data gathered from multiple sources.

A scanner is a peripheral device for what system?

I/O

Storage

Printer

Business

I/O

Which of the following best describes a hierarchical database format?

Data are modeled using parent-child relationships.

The database format is one of the most commonly used today.

Data are modeled using parent-child relationships.

________, sometimes referred to as middleware, facilitate the communication of hardware and software.

OLDP

Device driver

A BI system

Device driver

Marcus has a summer job working at a real estate agency. He is entering client addresses into the company's computer system. At which stage of the DIKW hierarchy is Marcus working?

Data

Information

Knowledge

Wisdom

Data

Which of the following aligns IT goals and organization goals?

Breaking organization goals into smaller goals will not relate to IT activities

Improving IT infrastructure to support rapid expansion to capture less market share

IT goals include cloud computing and organization goals include real-time communication to contain costs while scaling quickly

Ensuring privacy and security of data shared by customers using cloud computing

IT goals include cloud computing and organization goals include real-time communication to contain costs while scaling quickly

Which of the following would NOT be considered hardware?

Monitor

Central processing unit

Keyboard

Word processor

Word processor

Which type of software includes programs such as Microsoft Word and PowerPoint?

Daemons

Application

Server

System

Application

All of the following are parts of a URL except for:

LAN

Protocol

Host name

TLD

LAN

What is an advantage of outsourcing?

Hiring more employees

Less control over the subject

Losing the opportunity for internal growth

Cost-effective if time is constrained

Cost-effective if time is constrained

Which of the following types of information present a threat to someone's privacy?

Secret business plans

Names and addresses in the phone book

Student ID and credit card numbers

Phone numbers and e-mail addresses

Student ID and credit card numbers

In this network topology ALL devices have a single point-to-point connection with a central device.

RING network

BUS network

STAR network

STAR network

A ____________ is also known as a datasheet.

Database System

Database Record

Database Table

Database Field

Database Table

During which generation did computers begin to see widespread use in business?

Fourth generation

First generation

Third generation

Second generation

Fourth generation

Which of the following statements best defines the CPU?

The CPU outputs the raw computer data, including mathematical calculations and logical operations.

The CPU controls the speed at which instructions are retrieved and processed in the computer.

The CPU is responsible for storing data as it is being processed.

The CPU retrieves the instructions of a computer program and the raw data that is input.

The CPU controls the speed at which instructions are retrieved and processed in the computer.

Which of the following would NOT be the responsibility of the system administrator?

Providing support to users

Creating new user accounts

Installing new file server hardware and software

Answering e-mails from potential customers.

Answering e-mails from potential customers.

Which of the following statements best represents the relevant characteristic of quality data?

The data used applies to the question being answered.

The data has been gathered using consistent, detailed collection processes.

The data has been inputted correctly and is accurate for its intended use.

The data is current enough to still serve its purpose for being accessed

The data used applies to the question being answered.

The data has been gathered using consistent, detailed collection processes.

The data has been inputted correctly and is accurate for its intended use.

The data is current enough to still serve its purpose for being accessed

An operating system will write and change data to multiple hard drives at the same time so that if something happens to one hard drive, another hard drive is available to speed up data recovery. This statement best describes which of the following?

Backup media

Image backups

Data mirroring

Incremental backups

Data mirroring

Which is found on the motherboard and stores information, but the information is not permanent?

CPU

RAM

Bus

ROM

RAM

___________ is ephemeral, meaning data stored is lost when the computer is powered off.

ROM

RAM

BIOS

CMOS

RAM

In this phase of testing the system is given to a segment of end users for testing from their perspective before the final version is released.

Alpha

Beta

End User

User Agreement

Beta

In 2nd generation computers, which of the following high-level programming languages was created to be business-oriented?

SNOBOL

FORTRAN

COBOL

LISP

COBOL

The team will write a final report detailing the processes and outcomes of the project in which project phase?

Initiation

Planning

Executing & Controlling

Closing

Closing

As a new sales manager, Edgar is studying the historical and current sales report numbers to determine the top three salespersons of the year. At which stage of the DIKW hierarchy is Edgar working?

Wisdom

Knowledge

Information

Data

Knowledge

In a SQL query, the __________ operation combines two tables together?

JOIN

MERGE

COMBINE

SELECT

JOIN

What is a program that will allow a computer to easily access the hardware and software of the computer system?

Server

Operating system

Mobile device

Workstation

Operating system

What is the correct order of project phase for Project Management?

Planning, Executing & Controlling, Closing, Initiation

Executing & Controlling, Closing, Initiation, Planning

Initiation, Planning, Executing, Closing

Initiation, Planning, Executing, Closing

Which software is run automatically rather than by the end user?

Productivity Software

Microsoft Office Software

System Software

System Software

Which of the following would NOT require the use of a network?

Computers in an office sharing the same printer.

Loading a statistical program on your personal computer.

Schools turning in attendance files to the district office.

Gourmet chocolate being sold on the Internet.

Loading a statistical program on your personal computer.

Which two are both types of scripting languages?

ASP and Python

C++ and Pascal

Python and C++

Pascal and ASP

ASP and Python

This form of cloud computing is offered as a service by some major organizations, such as Amazon and Google, and used extensively by app developers. Its intent is to be able to quickly and reliably develop and deliver applications

SaaS (Software as a Service)

IaaS (Infrastructure as a Service)

PaaS (Platform as a Service)

PaaS (Platform as a Service)

The _____ keyword in SQL is used to inform the DBMS of the specific criteria the data should match to be returned as the output of the query.

SELECT clause

FROM clause

WHERE clause

SELECT

A company's ability to recover after a disaster is directly related to which of the following?

Strategic Partnership Plan

Marketing strategy

Financial plan

Business continuity plan

Business continuity plan

Learning about social engineering and how to protect passwords is ___.

Education

Access control

Authentication

Authorization

Access control

During this phase of Project Management, the projects scope and project management plan are defined.

Executing phase

Initiation phase

Planning phase

Closing phase

Planning phase

Which of the following are operations used to alter the data within a relation of a database?

Update , Delete , Insert

Delete, Join, Insert

Join , Insert, Update

Insert , Join, Update

Update , Delete , Insert

The __________________ is the electronic circuit responsible for executing computer program instructions.

Central Processing Unit

Compiler

Motherboard

System Unit

Central Processing Unit

Which of the following best describes the Internet?

In order to communicate over the Internet, a host does not need to run the IP network protocol.

The Internet is an isolated computer network.

The Internet uses circuit switching.

The Internet is a global network of networks.

The Internet is a global network of networks.

The ______ keyword in SQL is used to inform the DBMS what tables are to be interrogated by the query and, if more than one table contains the data of interest, how they are to be combined or joined.

INTO

WHERE

SELECT

FROM

FROM

Select the statement that best describes the difference between software and hardware.

Computer software consists of drivers and their associated devices whereas computer hardware includes only internal system devices.

Computer software is developed by writing a program using programming language whereas computer hardware is the physical components such as memory modules and disk drives.

Computer software consists of applications such as word processing and spreadsheet programs whereas computer hardware includes the operating system.

Computer programming language instructions can be very broad and general whereas computer hardware specifications must be very specific.

Computer software is developed by writing a program using programming language whereas computer hardware is the physical components such as memory modules and disk drives.

This type of database is the most common format for storing data as it provides users with a great deal of flexibility, allowing for multiple tables.

Flat File

Hierarchal

Relational

Relational

Why is it essential to know what information will be needed from the database from the outset of development? Select all that apply.

By knowing the purpose, the developer can determine how many fields are needed in the database.

The purpose determines the structure of the database.

The developer can determine which data types would help fulfill the purpose.

The number of fields in the database determines the cost of that database, so if careful planning doesn't occur, money can be wasted.

By knowing the purpose, the developer can determine how many fields are needed in the database.

The purpose determines the structure of the database.

The developer can determine which data types would help fulfill the purpose.

Which project phase consists of determining the objectives and activities, organizing the activities, and estimating the time and costs?

Closing

Initiation

Executing & Controlling

Planning

Planning

With ________ an IT department resources (i.e. servers, data storage) are located outside of the organization and are accessible by anyone, anywhere.

SaaS (Software as a Service)

IaaS (Infrastructure as a Service)

PaaS (Platform as a Service)

IaaS (Infrastructure as a Service)

The role of a ______ ______ is to respond to requests most typically come from web browsers, such as HTTP

Print server

File server

Web server

FTP server

Web server

A local area network (LAN)

Allows hardware sharing between two offices

Allows software sharing between two offices

Allows hardware sharing within one office

Allows hardware sharing between offices in geographically dispersed locations

Allows hardware sharing within one office

________________ is a general term that describes any attack that takes advantage of humans' trusting nature.

Special Tactics

Brute Force

Social engineering

Access Control

Social engineering

Which of the following is/are true of the IPOS cycle?

If there will be no future need for certain information, a user can go straight from the input stage to the output stage without going through the processing and storage stages.

Once words, numbers or images are entered, a computer processes the data into useable information that can then be accessed to answer questions or meet specific needs.

As long as the data is entered correctly, there is no need to store it. The reason for storage is to be able to prove what has been entered.

The steps of the IPOS cycle can occur in any order.

Once words, numbers or images are entered, a computer processes the data into useable information that can then be accessed to answer questions or meet specific needs.

What external component will allow peripherals to be connected to the system unit and connect additional input, output, storage, and communication devices?

Hard drives

Bays

Ports

Slots

Ports

What is the definition of a Platform as a Service (PaaS)?

A Platform as a Service is the ability to store data and aid communication for remote teams.

A Platform as a Service makes it possible for businesses to access and use software through the Internet.

A Platform as a Service is the ability to quickly and consistently develop and deliver applications.

A Platform as a Service makes it possible to have all of your businesses IT departments needs sited outside of the organization and available to anyone, wherever.

A Platform as a Service is the ability to quickly and consistently develop and deliver applications.

Which device permits packet switching so that a message can be routed to the next link in a network?

Router

DNS

LAN

IP Address

Router

A ________ translates source code into machine language and translates the entire program, creating an executable program which can be run at a later time.

Compiler

A Web page's URL (Uniform Resource Locator) has three main parts:

The protocol, the domain name, and the resource or file name.

Thru this CLOUD computing function, businesses can access and use software through the Internet?

SaaS (Software as a Service)

Which factors should Mike NOT consider when choosing a file organization system?

Hierarchy

Which device receives a message, examines its destination IP address, and sends the message on to the next location in the network (could also be called a gateway)?

Router

What does the acronym IPOS stand for?

Input, process, output, storage

Read the following scenario, and then select the job title that most accurately depicts the descriptions. Javier starts the day by checking his e-mails. Sandra in payroll would like him to print a report detailing how much money has been spent on training new employees. She would like a comparison of the training dollars spent over the last five years. Javier spends the morning retrieving the appropriate information from the database and e-mails a report to Sandra. In the afternoon, Javier begins a performance analysis of the new database management system that he installed last week. He also double-checks that the old data has properly transferred to the new system. He then develops a list of procedures for those who work under him so they can also run performance analyses. Finally, he heads upstairs to the Chief Operating Officer's office to make a brief presentation on the new database system and how it can be use

Database administrator

What is NOT part of data hygiene?

Lots of data

Which statement is correct given that usability is very subjective, and handheld and desktop computers may be more or less usable based on the demands of the user?

A desktop has more processing power.

Which statement describes the role of a systems administrator?

Systems administrators are responsible for supporting, monitoring, and maintaining workplace technology and end users.

What two types of software licenses are free?

Freeware and Open source

Which one of these is NOT a operation for database queries?

Serve

______ refers to data sets that are so large and complex that they will require more advanced database management/processing tools than we currently use?

Big Data

What is one probable advantage of outsourcing?

Reliance can be placed on the expertise of outsourcing vendors.

A petabytes consists of how many terabytes?

1,000

A monitor is a peripheral device for what system?

I/O

Which of the following database categories is the most similar to a spreadsheet or MS Excel document?

Flat file

The name, address, and telephone number of each individual patient in Dr. Alan's office is known as a:

Record

A typical database application has how many layers?

2

Which statement is not true of compilers and interpreters?

Compilers do not translate source code into machine code.

Prohibits intentionally accessing a computer without authorization or in excess of authorization. The anti-hacking law.

Computer Fraud and Abuse Act

Which data format is not in an easily usable format and takes greater effort to extract?

Unstructured

IT functions cover these five different domains:

- communication

- data collection and management

- information security management

- consumer relationship management

- process improvement

True

Which of the description of duties below would be for a System Administrator?

This individual updates an organization's computer hardware and software, performs troubleshooting, and maintains the operating system of a computer system.

Read the following scenario and determine the best hardware or software solution for the situation. Teachers in the Lincoln County School District are complaining about the speed of the Internet in their classrooms. Marcus, the IT Coordinator, has a limited amount of money to spend to address the issue. Select the option below that uses hardware or software to help solve the problem.

Marcus determines the school's routers that transmit information from the Internet across the district are slow and outdated, so he will use the money to replace them.

Which of the following statements describes why network protocols are necessary.

Network protocols are necessary for computers to communicate with each other.

Which is a database structure containing multiple tables (relations) with interrelated fields and has a unique identifier?

Relational Database

What is a tree-like structure of records in a database referred to as?

Hierarchical database structure