Review of States of Matter and Kinetic Theory

These flashcards cover the key concepts related to the states of matter and the kinetic particle theory, preparing students for their understanding and examination.

What is the distinctive property of solids?

Solids have a definite volume and shape.

How are the particles arranged in a liquid?

In a liquid, particles are close together but arranged randomly.

What is Brownian motion?

The random motion of particles in a suspension, providing evidence for the kinetic particle model.

What describes the state of matter that has no definite volume or shape?

Gas.

Which state of matter is characterized by particles vibrating around fixed points?

Solid.

What is the process by which a solid turns directly into a gas?

Sublimation.

What occurs during condensation?

The change in state from gas to liquid.

In what state are the particles free to slide over each other?

Liquid.

What does kinetic theory state about particles in solids, liquids, and gases?

They behave as hard spheres that are constantly moving or vibrating.

What happens to gas particles when temperature increases?

They gain more energy and move faster.

Explain what diffusion is.

Diffusion is the spreading movement of one substance into another due to random motion of particles.

Which state of matter cannot be compressed easily?

Solid and Liquid.

What influences the rate of diffusion?

The molecular mass of the substances involved.

What is the defining characteristic of a gas?

Particles are far apart and move randomly and rapidly.

How do gas particles behave in a closed container when heated?

They increase in pressure and move faster.

What happens during evaporation?

The transition from liquid to gas below boiling point.

What is the arrangement of particles in a solid?

In a regular pattern, closely packed together.

Define sublimation.

The change in state directly from solid to gas or gas to solid, bypassing the liquid state.

What is the movement of a solid when it melts?

The particles become less tightly packed and start to flow.

What type of motion do gas particles exhibit?

Random and rapid motion.

What is the significance of pressure in gases?

It increases when temperature rises due to particles colliding with container walls.

How does the kinetic theory explain the compression of gases?

Gases can be compressed because particles are far apart and can be moved closer together.

State a reason why diffusion occurs faster in gases than in liquids.

Particles in gases move faster.

Which state of matter has a definite shape but not a definite volume?

Solid.

During which process does a gas expand?

When it is heated.

Name an example of Brownian motion.

The zigzag movement of pollen grains in still water.

What characterizes the arrangement of particles in a gas?

Particles are arranged randomly and far apart.

What happens to particle motion as temperature increases?

Particles gain energy and move faster.

Why can solids not flow?

Particles in solids are held tightly in a fixed position.

What term describes the change of state from a liquid to gas?

Boiling.

What effect does increasing pressure have on a gas volume at constant temperature?

It decreases the volume.

What is the primary difference between solids and liquids in terms of particle movement?

Solids vibrate around fixed points while liquids slide over each other.

Which state of matter expands to fill its container?

Gas.

What happens during freezing?

Liquid turns into solid by losing energy.

How does the arrangement of particles differ in solids and liquids?

Solids have a regular arrangement; liquids have a random arrangement.

What is meant by the energy absorbed during melting?

Heat energy is taken in to break the bonds between particles.

In which state do particles have strong forces holding them together?

Solid.

What is expected of the shape of a liquid in a container?

It takes the shape of the container.

Describe the motion of particles in a solid.

Particles vibrate but do not move from their fixed positions.

How does kinetic theory explain why gases can fill any space?

Gas particles move freely and occupy all available volume.

State the implication of diffusion not occurring in solids.

Particles in solids are fixed in position and cannot move.

What evidence supports the kinetic particle theory?

Observations such as Brownian motion.

What happens during the process of melting?

Energy is absorbed by solids to change into liquids.

How do particles behave in a high-pressure gas?

They are closer together, reducing the volume.

In what form of pressure do gas particles exert force on container walls?

Dynamic pressure due to random collisions.

Define the term 'melting point'.

The temperature at which a solid becomes a liquid.

How is the diffusion rate affected by molecular mass?

Lower molecular mass substances diffuse faster than higher ones.