Chapter 10 Quiz

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23 Terms

1

Carolus Linneaus

The scientist who developed a classification system for living things

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2

Georges Louis Leclerc de Buffon

The scientist who proposed species shared ancestors

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3

Erasmus Darwin

The scientist who proposed all living things descended from a common ancestor

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4

Jean-Baptiste Lamarck

The scientist who proposed a theory that all organisms evolved toward perfection and complexity

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5

James Hutton

The scientist who proposed that Earth was very old, saying geologic change occurred gradually & at a constant rate

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6

Charles Lyell

The scientist who published “Principles of Geology”

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7

6000

For a long time, people believed the Earth was only ____ years old

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8

Galapagos Islands

The place Darwin did his studies

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9

Adapted to their surroundings

Darwin discovered animals did this

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10

Variations

Differences in physical traits, like those Darwin observed between animals in different locations

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11

Artificial Selection

The process by which humans change a species by breeding it for certain traits

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12

Natural Selection

The process by which the environment influences evolution

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13

Fitness

An organism’s ability to survive

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14

Variation, Overproduction, Adaptation, & Descent with Modification

The 4 main factors necessary for natural selection

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15

Phenotype

Natural selection acts on _______

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16

Fossils, Geography, Embryology & Anatomy

4 pieces of evidence for evolution

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17

Embryology

The observation of similarities in embryos among animal species

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18

resembled

Darwin found finches on Galapagos Islands ______ those found on the mainland, with a few adaptations

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19

Homologous Structures

Features in different animals similar in structure but with different functions

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20

Analogous Structures

Structures that perform similar functions but that aren’t similar in origin

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21

Vestigial Structures

Structures or organs seemingly lacking in function, left over from previous ancestors

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22

Pseudogenes

Genes left over from ancestors that no longer function

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23

DNA Sequence Analysis

Based on _____________, more closely related organisms have more similar DNA

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