Chapter 10 Quiz

Carolus Linneaus

The scientist who developed a classification system for living things

Georges Louis Leclerc de Buffon

The scientist who proposed species shared ancestors

Erasmus Darwin

The scientist who proposed all living things descended from a common ancestor

Jean-Baptiste Lamarck

The scientist who proposed a theory that all organisms evolved toward perfection and complexity

James Hutton

The scientist who proposed that Earth was very old, saying geologic change occurred gradually & at a constant rate

Charles Lyell

The scientist who published “Principles of Geology”

6000

For a long time, people believed the Earth was only ____ years old

Galapagos Islands

The place Darwin did his studies

Adapted to their surroundings

Darwin discovered animals did this

Variations

Differences in physical traits, like those Darwin observed between animals in different locations

Artificial Selection

The process by which humans change a species by breeding it for certain traits

Natural Selection

The process by which the environment influences evolution

Fitness

An organism’s ability to survive

Variation, Overproduction, Adaptation, & Descent with Modification

The 4 main factors necessary for natural selection

Phenotype

Natural selection acts on _______

Fossils, Geography, Embryology & Anatomy

4 pieces of evidence for evolution

Embryology

The observation of similarities in embryos among animal species

resembled

Darwin found finches on Galapagos Islands ______ those found on the mainland, with a few adaptations

Homologous Structures

Features in different animals similar in structure but with different functions

Analogous Structures

Structures that perform similar functions but that aren’t similar in origin

Vestigial Structures

Structures or organs seemingly lacking in function, left over from previous ancestors

Pseudogenes

Genes left over from ancestors that no longer function

DNA Sequence Analysis

Based on _____________, more closely related organisms have more similar DNA