Science Test-May 8th

Engineering Design Process

A series of steps that engineers follow to come up with a solution to a problem

Force

A push or a pull

Field

An area that surrounds an object and extends though space, which may exert a force on another object.

Non-contact force

Forces that affect objects without touching

Gravitational force

The amount of gravitational pull between objects

Balanced force

When the opposite forces acting on either side of the object are equal (net force of zero)

Unbalanced force

When the opposite forces acting on either side of tge object are NOT equal (net force greater than zero)

Net force

The combined force (in strength and direction) acting on an object

Newton (N)

The unit for measuring the strength of a force

Force Diagram

A simple labeled diagram that shows the forces acting on an object as arrows that indicate the magnitude and direction of the force

Newton’s first law of motion

An object at rest will stay at rest and an object in motion will stay in motion unless acted upon by an unbalanced force

Newton’s second law of motion

The acceleration of an object depends on the net force acting on the object and the mass of the object (F = MA)

Newton’s third law of motion

Every action has an equal and opposite reaction

Conductor

An object that supports the transfer of thermal/electrical energy

Insulators

Any material resistant to the flow of thermal/electrical energy

Electron

An negatively charged particle found outside the center of the nucleus of an atom

Proton

A positively charged particle found within the nucleus of an atom

Static Discharge

A quick flow of electricity from one object with static electricity to another

Electric charge

A tiny particle that interacts with other charges (positive or negative)

Electric Field

A field that exerts a force on charged particles or a charged object

Electromagnetism

The phenomenon of generating an electric field from a magnetic field. Likewise, a magnetic field can be generated by an electric field

Magnetic Force

A force between objects due to the magnetic properties of each object

Magnetic Field

A field that affects objects with magnetic properties

Permanent Magnet

A magnet in which the domains are well aligned in the material and are no easily changed

Temporary magnet

An object that is unmagnetized in its natural state but can become magnetized when placed in a magnetic field

Attract

Force that causes objects to come together, even if those objects are not close or even touching each other

Repel

To force (something) to move away or apart

Friction (F_f)

A force that opposes motion, working in the opposite direction of the moving object

Tension (F_t)

A force created when two objects pull on a rope, string, or wire in opposite directions

Normal (F_n)

A force exerted by a surface on an object resting on that surface

Air Resistance (F_ar)

A force working in the opposite direction of a falling object, like “air friction”

Applied (F_a)

A force applied by a person or object onto another object

Spring (F_s)

A force created by a stretched or compressed spring

Buoyancy (F_b)

A force that pushes fluid upward on a immersed object, or floating object

Gravitational (F_g)

A force of attraction between any two objects with mass

Electrical (F_e)

An invisible force created by electrically charged objects

Magnetic (F_m)

A force created by magnets or objects with magnetic properties