NEW non fermenter gram -ve part 2

Burkholderia spp. Gram stain

Gram-negative rods

Oxygen requirement of Burkholderia spp.

Obligate aerobes

Most important Burkholderia species in veterinary medicine

Burkholderia mallei and Burkholderia pseudomallei

Major virulence factor of Burkholderia spp.

Polysaccharide capsule

Burkholderia mallei causes

Glanders

Primary host of Burkholderia mallei

Horses and other equids

Other susceptible species

Humans cats and dogs

WOAH status of glanders

Reportable disease

Why is glanders important worldwide?

Zoonotic disease with major trade implications

Potential use of Burkholderia mallei

Biological weapon (bioterrorism agent)

Transmission of Burkholderia mallei

Ingestion inhalation and contamination of skin wounds

Burkholderia mallei primarily disease type

Chronic disease

Three clinical forms of glanders

Nasal pulmonary and cutaneous (farcy)

Nasal glanders is characterized by

Nodules and ulcers on the nasal septum

Pulmonary glanders is characterized by

Pulmonary nodules and abscesses

Cutaneous glanders is called

Farcy

Farcy is characterized by

Nodules and ulcers along lymphatic vessels

Characteristic lesion of glanders

Caseous abscesses

Diagnostic test for glanders

Mallein test

Mallein test is based on

Delayed hypersensitivity

How is the mallein test performed?

Intrapalpebral injection of mallein

Positive mallein test

Eyelid swelling with purulent ocular discharge

When is the mallein test read?

More than 24 hours after injection

Burkholderia pseudomallei causes

Melioidosis

Another name for melioidosis

Pseudoglanders

Natural habitat of Burkholderia pseudomallei

Soil water and vegetation

Transmission of Burkholderia pseudomallei

Inhalation ingestion or skin wounds

Acute melioidosis causes

Septicemia with abscesses in multiple organs

Chronic melioidosis resembles

Glanders

Major lesion of melioidosis

Multiple organ abscesses

Bordetella spp. Gram stain

Small Gram-negative rods

Natural habitat of Bordetella spp.

Upper respiratory tract

Most important veterinary Bordetella species

Bordetella bronchiseptica

Major adhesins of Bordetella bronchiseptica

Pertactin filamentous hemagglutinin and fimbriae

Function of pertactin and filamentous hemagglutinin

Adhesion to respiratory epithelium

Tracheal cytotoxin causes

Ciliostasis and destruction of ciliated epithelial cells

Adenylate cyclase toxin inhibits

Phagocytosis and intracellular killing

Dermonecrotic toxin causes

Vasoconstriction

Osteotoxin destroys

Osteoblasts

Bordetella bronchiseptica causes in dogs

Kennel cough

Formal name of kennel cough

Canine infectious tracheobronchitis

Other important pathogens involved in kennel cough

Canine adenovirus-2 and canine parainfluenza virus

Characteristic cough of kennel cough

Dry harsh paroxysmal cough

Other clinical signs of kennel cough

Rhinitis conjunctivitis and nasal discharge

Recovered dogs may shed Bordetella bronchiseptica for

Several months

Bordetella bronchiseptica causes in pigs

Nonprogressive atrophic rhinitis

Age group most affected by nonprogressive atrophic rhinitis

Piglets younger than 16 weeks

Clinical signs of nonprogressive atrophic rhinitis

Sneezing coughing and mild turbinate atrophy

Major complication of nonprogressive atrophic rhinitis

Increased pneumonia and poor growth

Progressive atrophic rhinitis requires coinfection with

Toxigenic Pasteurella multocida

Characteristic lesion of progressive atrophic rhinitis

Twisted snout

Diagnostic tests for Bordetella bronchiseptica

ELISA and agglutination

Vaccines against Bordetella bronchiseptica

Bacterin toxoid or toxoid-bacterin

Bordetella avium causes

Turkey coryza

Primary host of Bordetella avium

Young turkeys

Transmission of Bordetella avium

Inhalation and ingestion

Bordetella avium colonizes

Tracheal epithelium

Effect of Bordetella avium toxin

Loss of cilia epithelial destruction and tracheal collapse

Common complication of turkey coryza

Secondary bacterial infections

Clinical signs of turkey coryza

Conjunctivitis nasal discharge coughing dyspnea and foamy eyes

Diagnosis of turkey coryza

ELISA and microagglutination

Vaccines for turkey coryza

Bacterin and temperature-sensitive vaccine

Best clue for Burkholderia mallei

Glanders diagnosed with the mallein test

Best clue for Burkholderia pseudomallei

Melioidosis (pseudoglanders)

Best clue for Bordetella bronchiseptica

Kennel cough and nonprogressive atrophic rhinitis

Best clue for Bordetella avium

Turkey coryza