Give Me Liberty: An American History - Seagull 4th Edition - Chapter 3 Vocabulary

Metacom

the chief of the Wampanoags, whom the colonists called King Philip. he resented English efforts to convert Indians to Christianity and waged a war against the English colonists one in which he was killed

King Philip's war

a multiyear conflict that began in 1675 with an Indian uprising against white colonists. its end result was broadened freedoms for white New Englanders and dispossession of the region's Indians

mercantilism

policy of Great Britain and other imperial powers of regulation the economies of colonies to benefit the mother country

Navigation Act

law passed by the english parliament to control colonial trade and bolster the mercantile system, 1650-1775; enforcement of the act led to growing resentment by the colonists

Covenant Chain

alliance formed in the 1670s between the English and the Iroquois nations

Yamasee uprising

revolt of Yamasee and Creek Indians, aggravated by rising debts and slave traders' raids, against Carolina settlers. resulted in the expulsion of many Indians to Florida

Society of Friends (Quakers)

religious group in England and America whose members believed all persons possesed the "inner light' or Spirit of God; they were early proponents of abolition of slavery and equal rights for women

plantation

Sugar was the first crop to be mass-marketed to consumers in Europe and was by far the most important product of the British, French, and Portuguese empires. However, sugar cultivation required back-breaking and monotonous work by African slaves.

Bacon's Rebellion

Unsuccessful 1676 revolt led by planter Nathaniel Bacon against Virginia governor William Berkeley's administration because of governmental corruption and because Berkeley had failed to protect settlers from Indian raids and did not allow them to occupy Indian lands.

Slave Code of 1705

Enacted by the House of Burgesses, bringing together the scattered legislation of the previous century and adding new provisions that embedded the principle of white supremacy in the law. Was done due to a recognized growing importance of slavery.

Anglican Church

Form of Protestantism set up in England after 1534; established by Henry VIII with himself as head, at least in part to obtain a divorce from his first wife; became increasingly Protestant following Henry's death

Glorious Revolution

A coup in 1688 engineered by a small group of aristocrats that led to William of Orange taking the British throne in place of James II.

English Bill of Rights

A series of laws enacted in 1689 that inscribed the rights of Englishmen into law and enumerated parliamentary powers such as taxation.

Lords of Trade

An English regulatory board established to oversee colonial affairs in 1675.

Dominion of New England

Consolidation into a single colony of the New England colonies-and later New York and New Jersey-by royal governor Edmund Andros in 1686; dominion reverted to individual colonial governments three years later.

English Toleration Act

A 1690 act of Parliament that allowed all English Protestants to worship freely.

Salem witch trials

A crisis of trials and executions in Salem, Massachusetts in 1692 that resulted from anxiety over witchcraft.

redemptioners

Indentured families or persons who received passage to the New World in exchange for a promise to work off their debt in America.

Walking Purchase

An infamous 1737 purchase of Indian land in which Pennsylvanian colonists tricked the Lenni Lanape Indians. The Lanape agreed to cede land equivalent to the distance a man could walk in thirty-six hours, but the colonists marked out an area using a team of runners.

backcountry

In colonial America, the area stretching from central Pennsylvania southward through the Shenandoah Valley of Virginia and into upland North and South Carolina.

artisans

a worker in a skilled trade, especially one that involves making things by hand.

"cousinocracy"

In Virginia, the upper class was so tight-knit and intermarried that the colony was said to be governed by a "cousinocracy.