Brain Structure and Function

These flashcards cover key brain structures, their functions, and concepts related to neurobiology and trauma.

Cerebral Cortex

The outer layer of the brain, composed of gray matter, responsible for higher brain functions such as thought and action.

Frontal Lobe

The part of the brain involved in decision making, problem solving, planning, and voluntary movement; not fully developed until around age 25.

Temporal Lobe

The region of the brain responsible for processing auditory information, language comprehension, and memory formation.

Occipital Lobe

The lobe located at the back of the brain, primarily responsible for visual processing.

Amygdala

A small, almond-shaped structure in the brain that is involved in emotion regulation, particularly fear and pleasure responses.

Hippocampus

A critical structure for memory formation and learning located within the temporal lobe.

Medulla Oblongata

The part of the brainstem that controls vital life functions such as breathing and heart rate.

Neuroplasticity

The brain's ability to reorganize itself and form new neural connections in response to learning or injury.

Pituitary Gland

The master endocrine gland that regulates various bodily functions and hormone levels.

Hypothalamus

A brain region that controls the autonomic nervous system and regulates bodily functions such as temperature and hunger.

Spatial Awareness

The ability to be aware of oneself in space and to understand the relationships between objects.

Trauma

A deeply distressing or disturbing experience that can have lasting effects on memory and emotional regulation.

Serotonin and Dopamine

Neurotransmitters that play key roles in mood regulation; imbalances can lead to depression and anxiety.

Rumination

The process of continuously thinking about the same thoughts, which can lead to negative self-perception.

Endocrine System

The system of glands that produce hormones regulating metabolism, growth, and other functions.

Cervical Spinal Cord

The section of the spine that runs from the base of the skull to the upper back, crucial for nerve function and mobility.