[PART 1] [Microscopic Examination of Urine] Analysis of Urine and Other Body Fuids [MTAP][Strasinger][LABORATORY]

Standard amount of urine

Between 10 and 15 mL

How many mL is used because multiparameter reagent strips are easily immersed in this volume

12-mL volume

How many mL of sediment after DECANTATION are frequently used

0.5 and 1.0 mL

What microscopic OBJECTIVES is used r to detect casts?

Low power (40x) -Yel[LOW]

What STAIN delineates structure and contrasting colors of the nucleus and cytoplasm

Sternheimer-Malbin

Sternheimer-Malbin FUNCTION

Identifies WBCs, epithelial cells, and casts

What STAIN Enhances NUCLEAR detail

Toluidine blue

Toluidine blue FUNCTION

Differentiates WBCs from RTE cells

What STAIN Lyses RBCs and enhances nuclei of WBCs

2% acetic acid

2% acetic acid FUNCTION

Distinguishes RBCs from WBCs, yeast, oil droplets, and crystals

- Anucleated si RBC kaya madidifferentiate sya sa WBC and other

What STAIN stains triglycerides and neutral fats orange-red; do not stain cholestero

Lipid stains: Oil Red O and Sudan III

Lipid stains: Oil Red O and Sudan III FUNCTION

Identify free fat droplets and lipidcontaining cells and casts

What STAIN Differentiates grampositive and gramnegative bacteria

Gram stain

Gram stain FUNCTION

Identifies bacterial casts

What STAIN is composed of Methylene blue and eosin Y stains eosinophilic granules

Hansel stain

Hansel stain FUNCTION

Identifies urinary eosinophils

What STAIN stains structures containing iron

Prussian blue stain

Prussian blue stain FUNCTION

Identifies yellow-brown granules of hemosiderin in cells and casts

Sternheimer Malbin stain is comopsed of?

crystal violet + safranin O - una at dulo ng gram stain "[V]IA[S]"

Bacteria COLOR when non-motile?

PURPLE

Bacteria COLOR when motile?

Do not Stain

Trichomonas vaginalis COLOR

Light blue-green

Is the most common type of microscopy performed in the urinalysis laboratory.

Bright-field microscopy

What microscope is Used for routine urinalysis?

Bright-field microscopy

What microscope enhances visualization of elements with LOW REFRACTIVE INDICES , such as hyaline casts, mixed cellular casts, mucous threads, and Trichomonas vaginalis

Phase-contrast microscopy

What microscope Aids in identification of cholesterol in oval fat bodies, fatty casts, and CRYSTALS

Polarizing microscopy

What microscope Aids in identification of Treponema pallidum

Dark-field microscopy

What microscope allows visualization of naturally FLUORESCENT microorganisms or those stained by a fluorescent dye, including labeled antigens and antibodies

Fluorescence microscopy

What microscope produces a three-dimensional (3D) microscopy image and LAYER-by-LAYER imaging of a specimen

Interference-contrast

Laboratory microscopes normally contain oculars capable of increasing the magnification of?

10x

The objectives used for examination of urine sediment are

10× and 40×

What part of MIRCOSCOPE contained in the light source controls the DIAMETER of the light beam reaching the slide

Field diaphragm

What part of MIRCOSCOPE located below the stage focuses the light on the specimen

Condenser

What part of MIRCOSCOPE moves the condenser up and down to focus light on the object

Condenser adjustment (focus) knob

are the largest cells found in the urine sediment.

Squamous cells

WHat cells are indicative of vaginal infection by the bacterium Gardnerella vaginalis.

Clue cells

The cells from the_______________________ (PCT) are larger than other RTE cells

proximal convoluted tubule

Renal Tubular Epithelial Cells in PROXIMAL convoluted tubules are what SHAPE?

Rectagular (columnar)

Renal Tubular Epithelial Cells in DISTAL convoluted tubules are what SHAPE?

spherical

Renal Tubular Epithelial Cells inCOLLECTING DUCT are what SHAPE?

[C]uboidal

- [C]ollecting Duct

rapid darting movement / "rapid jerky tumbling" motility is characteristic of what parasite?

Trichomonas vaginalis

Most common contaminant of URINE from stool

E. vermicularis ova

sperm is expelled into the bladder instead of the urethra.

retrograde ejaculation

a major constituent of mucus. A glycoprotein excreted by the RTE cells of the thick ascending limb of the loop of Henle and by the distal convoluted tubules.

Uromodulin

only elements found in the urinary sediment that are unique to the kidney.

Casts

major constituent of casts.

Uromodulin

- formation of casts at the junction of the ascending loop of Henle and the DCT may produce structures with a tapered end.

Cylindroids

cast seen most frequently which consists almost entirely of uromodulin.

HYALINE CASTS

WBC CASTS associated most frequently with what condition?

pyelonephritis

are oval or dumbbell shaped CRYSTALS

Monohydrate calcium oxalate

Prescence of WBC cast

a. Pyelonephritis

b. Cystitis

c. both

d. Neither

a. Pyelonephritis

What is the difference between Cystitis and Pyelonephritis?

Pyelonephritis has the prescence of WBC cast