Abeka 8th grade science test 7

UVB

Which type of UV radiation is only partially absorbed by the ozone layer, allowing some of it to reach the earths surface?

High pressure to low pressure

How does air normally move in the atmosphere?

heterosphere

What name is given to the upper atmosphere because of its distinct layers?

1013 millibars

What is the normal value of atmospheric pressure at sea level?

stratosphere

Which temperature layer of the atmosphere contains the ozone layer?

convection current

Which type of current causes most of the earth's weather?

mesopause

What is the coldest point in the atmosphere?

perihelion

At what point on the earth's elliptical orbit does Earth receive the greatest amount of insolation?

polar easterlies

What global winds occur at the earth's surface in high latitudes?

magnetotail

What portion of Earth's magnetic field stretches away from the sun?

Mesosphere

Which atmospheric layer is the least understood?

Water vapor

What is the most important and abundant greenhouse gas?

Trapped heat remains in the atmosphere

Why is afternoon usually the warmest part of the day?

The compass points toward earths magnetic poles

Why does a compass always point north?

The Coriolis effect bends the winds in different directions

Why do cyclones in the Southern Hemisphere rotate the opposite direction from cyclones in the Northern Hemisphere?

Radio waves bounce off the ionsphere

The U.S government broadcasts the official time for the country using a shortwave radio station in colorado. How can these broadcasts be heard throughout the Lower Forty-Eight United States?

The air is cooled by low temperatures at high altitudes.

At the equator, air rises and begins traveling outward, toward the poles. Why does this air sink back to Earth long before it reaches the poles?

magnetosphere

The area where the solar wind interacts with Earth's magnetic field is the_?.

energy budget

The amount of energy available to heat Earth's land, water, and air is called Earth's ?.

Rossby

The upper-troposphere waves associated with the polar front jet stream are called ? waves.

Ozone

The shield that protects the earth from harmful ultraviolet radiation is the? layer.

adiabatic

The process in which the temperature of a gas rises as the gas is compressed with no heat lost is called ? heating.

australis

Auroras that occur in southern latitudes are called aurora ?.

jet streams

High-altitude winds that are concentrated in narrow, meandering bands of rapidly moving air are called?

katabatic wind

downslope wind caused by cooling air near a slope

fall wind

wind that occurs when a large amount of dense, cold air spills over a mountain range

forest breeze

wind that occurs when warm air over open terrain rises, drawing cooler air from under trees

sea breeze

cool, gentle wind blowing in from the water to the land

watt

What unit is used to measure the amount of energy something gains, loses, or uses in one second?

monsoon effect

What effect causes wet and dry seasons through a seasonal change in wind direction?

stratopause

What feature marks the bottom of the mesosphere?

Conduction

What is the transfer of heat by direct contact?

Trade winds

What winds were named because they consistently allowed ships to make a wuick passage across the ocean?

Water heats slower than land

During the day, both land and water heat up from sun exposure. How does the heating of water and land compare?

cosmic rays

What causes the plasma in the ionosphere?

Freashly plowed feild

If all factors except the type of surface are the same, which of the following surfaces would you expect to warm most quickly during the day?

Van Allen radiation belts

What doughnut-shaped regions surround the earth and trap particles from the solar wind?

Unequal heating

How are convection currents produced on a global scale at the equator and poles?

conduction

What form of heat transfer heats cool air in contact with warm ground?

electromagnetic waves

What transfers heat in the process of radiation

insolation

What is the solar energy that reaches the surface of the earth called?

carbon dioxide and water vapor

What two gases help give the earth a mild and stable climate?

exosphere

What is the outermost temperature layer of the atmosphere?

inertia

What is one of the two factors that cause the Coriolis etfect?

thermosphere

What temperature layer of the atmosphere is at the bottom of the heterosphere?

counterclockwise

What direction does an anticyclone revolve in the Southern Hemisphere?

low pressure

What causes the Intertropical Convergence Zone?

Dead sea (414m below sea level)

If all other factors were equal, which of the following locations would you expect to have the highest air pressure?

Land near a large body of water

Which of the following is required for monsoons to form?

Heated air near a mountain slope rises

What causes anabatic winds?

Wind

A horizontal movement of air caused by a transfer of heat is a?

Foehn

A warm, dry wind that travels down a mountain slope is called a?

Gradient

The steady change in atmoshpereic tempature with altutude is the atmospheres tempature?

Troposphere

The weather layer of the atmosphere is the?

Albedo

The ratio of rhe solar radiation reflected by an object to the solar radiation that strikes it is the objects?

Horse latitudes

Regions of high pressure and gentle wind at about 30 north and south latitude are?

No; this layer is heated by the chemical reaction of oxygens molecules.

Would the layer above the tropopause have its tempature rise with altitude if there were no oxygen in the atmosphere? Why or why not?

High, because outward-flowimg winds rotate clockwise

A weather map of norht america shows a large area with winds rotating clockwise. Is this a high or a low? How do you know?

Solar wind particles enter earths atmosphere only at high latitudes.

Leila lives in the tropics. Shortly after dark on night, she saw a reddish glow on the horizon, which she thought was an auroa. How do you know leilas conclusion is incorrect?

Winds blow toward the fire to replace rising hot air

Large wildfires often produce wind systems around themselves. What direction do these winds blow? Why?

Lookout Mountain, because sunlight is at a steeper angle

Which city would you expect to receive more insolation during the month of July: Lookout Mountain, Georgia (about 35° N), or Sydney, Australia (about 35° S)?

Rising air cools as it expands and pushes air outward at high altitudes

How does adiabatic cooling help create high-altitude winds?

Radiation- Heat from the fire is transferred to the surrounding area, where Camden is sitting, by radiation. It must be radiation because the heat Camden feels is not received by direct contact with a heated object (conduction) or by a current of heated air (convection). (Convection would cause air at ground level to move toward the fire, not away from it; but this would not be noticeable with a small fire.) Although not the primary cause of heat transfer, there is also radiation from the heated fire fuel to the pot. Some transfer of heat between the pot and the water may also occur by radiation.

Conduction- Heat from the heated pot is transferred to the water primarily through direct contact between the pot and the water. It must be conduction, not convection, because thee is no moving fluid transferring the heat between the pot and the water. Although some transfer may occur by radiation, it is reasonable to suspect that most transfer is by conduction because the pot and water are in direct contact.

Convection- Air and other gases heated by burning wood ( or other fire fuel) rise and heat the pot. The pot is not directly touching the burning wood, so there cannot be conduction between them. Although the wood and heated gases release radiation, it is released in all directions. Since the heated gases themselves only travel upward, toward the pot, most of he heat reaching the pot comes by convection.

There is also convection within the water in the pot and convection as heated water vapor rises from the pot.

Essay

While Camden and his family are on a camping trip, they cook their dinner over a campfire. As a pot of water boils over the fire, Camden feels the warmth of the fire, even though he is sitting some distance away from it. As he considers this, he realizes that this situation includes all three types of heat transfer that he learned about in science class. Identify an example of each type of heat transfer in this situation and explain how you know which type of transfer is occurring.