PSYCHOLOGY- HUMAN MEMORY CH-7

Class-11th

Memory

Memory

refers to a retaining and recalling information over a period of time, depending upon the nature of cognitive task you are required to perform.

3 STAGES OF MEMORY

encoding, storage & retrieval

Encoding

First stage refers to a process by which info isrecorded and registered for the first time by our memory system

Storage

Refers to the process in which the information is processed and saved for later use

Retrieval

Refers to the process of retaining the memorised information in need of usage. it is the last stage of memory functioning.

The Stage Model

Memory model proposed by ATKINSON & SHRIFFIN in 1968

Memory systems-3 types

the 3 parts of memory acc to the stage model are sensory, short term and long term memories.

Sensory memory

Memory that lasts for less than 1/3 of a second.

Registers information with accuracy

eg: visibility of light after the light is turned off.

Short term memory

Memory that lasts for approximately 30 seconds

Information is sent to it via maintenance rehearsals

Holds information in brief but for a short period of time

Long term memory

memory that lasts for a lifetime if rehearsed regularly

it has a huge capacity with in depth information about the stimuli

Control processes

1. SELECTIVE ATTENTION

2. CHUNKING

3. MAINTENANCE REHEARSALS

4. ELABORATIVE REHEARSALS

PARTS OF____?

Levels of processing- Craik & Lockhard in 1972

1. STRUCTURAL LEVEL- shallowest

2. ACOUSTIC LEVEL- intermediate

3. SEMANTIC LEVEL- deepest

levels of what ?

Types of LONG TERM MEMORY

1. DECLARATIVE

a. EPISODIC

b. SEMANTIC

2. PROCEDURAL

Declarative memory

TYPE OF MEMORY THAT DEALS WITH EVENTS, FACTS, EXPERIENCES, ETC

EPISODIC memory

Type of memory that deals with personal life experiences

Semantic memory

type of memory that deals with facts and general awareness

Procedural memory

Type of memory that deals with procedures to achieve skills and tasks in life.

3 major causes of FORGETTING

1. TRACE DECAY

2. INTERFERENCE

3. FAILURE OF RETRIEVAL

q-causes of what?

Proactive interference

Type of interference where what you’ve learnt before interferes with what you learnt afterwards

Retroactive interference

Type of interference where what you’ve learnt afterwards interferes with what you learned before.

FORGETTING DUE TO RETREIVAL FALIURE was modified by?

Tulving

q-modified what cause of forgetting?

2 types of MNEMONICS

1. USING IMAGES

2. USING ORGANISATION

q-types of what?

MNEMONICS USING IMAGES

a. THE METHOD OF LOCI

b. THE KEYWORD METHOD

q-types of what kind of mnemonics

MNEMONICS USING ORGANISATION

a. CHUNKING

b. FIRST LETTER TECHNIQUE

q-types of what kind of mnemonics

VIBGYOR- example of which type of mnemonic?

First letter teachnique

NCERT example?

SUGGESTIONS TO ENHANCE MEMORY

a. ENGAGE IN DEEP LEVEL PROCESSING

b. REDUCE INTERFERENCE

c. GIVE YOURSELF ENOUGH RETRIEVAL CUES

q- suggestions for what?