bible midterm

adam’s role

first man created by God, placed in the garden of eden

adam’s significance

his disobedience to God by eating the forbidden fruit is the fall of man, bringing death and sin into the world

eve’s role

the first woman created by God, made form Adam’s rib to companion him

eve’s significance

her decision to eat the forbidden fruit and offer it to Adam introduces sin into the world, her actions contribute to the fall of humanity

abraham’s role

the patriarch of the Hebrew people, chosen by God as the father of a great nation

abraham’s significance

his covenant with God establishes the foundation for the Israelites and the promise of land and descendants

sarah’s role

abraham’s wife and mother of Isaac, formerly known as sarai

sarah’s significance

pivotal part to the fulfillment of God’s covenant to Abraham, as she miraculously bears Isaac at an old age, matriarch of the Israelite nation

haggar’s role

sarah's maidservant who bore Abraham's first son, Ishmael, when sarah was unable to conceive, at sarah’s suggestion

haggar’s significance

her role highlights the consequences of human attempts to fulfill God’s promises through their own actions, rather than trusting God’s timing, important role in Abraham’s family lineage

Ishmael’s role

the first son of abraham and haggar, the servant

Ishmael’s significance

considered the ancestor of several arab nations and represents the theme of God's promise extending beyond Isaac, illustrating the complexity of divine plans

isaac’s role

the son of Abraham and Sarah, the child of promise through whom God's covenant is fulfilled, born miraculously in their old age

isaac’s significance

he is the continuation of God’s covenant with Abraham, represents the fulfillment of God’s promises and is a key figure in Israelite’s lineage

Rebekah’s role

Isaac’s wife and mother to Esau and Jacob

Rebekah’s significance

plays a pivotal role in God’s promise to Jacob, despite the cultural preference to her older son Esay, manipulating the lineage

jacob’s role

Isaac and Rebekah’s younger son and the father of the twelve tribes of Israel

jacob’s significance

his life and his twelve sons are central to the formation of the nation of Israel, his story illustrates themes of redemption and God’s faithfulness

rachel’s role

jacob’s beloved wife and the mother of Joseph and Benjamin

rachel’s significance

Jacob's favorite wife and the mother of two of the most prominent tribes of Israel, Ephraim and Manasseh, her longing for children which eventually led to her death in childbirth represents maternal love and sacrifice

Leah’s role

jacob’s first wife and the mother of his six sons, rachel’s sister

Leah’s significance

the mother of six of the twelve tribes of Israel, including Judah, from whom King David and ultimately Jesus are descended, her relationship with Jacob highlights themes of love, jealousy, and God’s sovereignty

tamar’s role

the widow of Judah’s sons, who secures her place in david’s lineage by tricking Judah into fathering her child

tamar’s significance

she is the first woman listed in the genealogy of Jesus Christ, she challenged societal norms as she takes initiative to ensure her family line continues

joseph’s role

the favored son of Jacob, sold into slavery by his brothers and later becomes the second-in-command in Egypt

joseph’s significance

his rise to power saves his family (who betrayed him) from famine, fulfilling God’s plan for Israel’s survival

moses’s role

the leader chosen by God to free the Israelites from slavery in Egypt and to lead them to the promised land

moses’s significance

led the Israelites, out of slavery, received the Ten Commandments, taught the Israelites to serve God, and took them to the promised land

aaron’s role

moses’s brother and the first high priest of Israel

aaron’s significance

important role in establishing the priestly system in Israel and aiding Moses in leading the Israelites

Joshua’s role

Moses’s chosen successor who leads the Israelite’s to the promised land

Joshua’s significance

his military conquests and leadership solidify Israel’s claim to the land, his obedience to God symbolize faithful leadership and fulfillment of god’s promises to Israel

rahab’s role

Canaanite woman who helps Israelite spies in jericho, who declares her faith in the God of Israel, marries Solomon and births Boaz

rahab’s significance

her faith in the God of israel highlight God’s willingness to show mercy to outsiders, she becomes part of the genealogy of Jesus, showing God’s inclusion

naomi’s role

mother in law of ruth who returns to Bethlehem after the death of her husband and sons

naomi’s significance

her story reflects themes of loss, hope, and redemption, her relationship with ruth leads to the restoration of her family and the lineage that leads to king David

ruth’s role

a moabite widow who chooses to stay with her mother in law, Naomi, and eventually marries Boaz

ruth’s significance

her faithfulness and devotion to Naomi bring her into the lineage of David, she symbolizes love, loyalty, and God’s providence

Boaz’s role

wealthy relative of Naomi who marries ruth and redeems her family’s land

Boaz’s significance

his marriage to ruth marks redemption and leads to the birth of obed (david’s grandfather), model of generosity and integrity

Samuel’s role

a prophet and the last judge of Israel, anointing Saul and David as kings

Samuel’s significance

played a major role in transitioning Israel from a theocracy to a monarchy, his role in anointing David establishes his covenant and sets the stage for the messiah

Saul’s role

the first king of Israel, chosen by God but later rejected due to his disobedience

Saul’s significance

his reign marks the beginning of Israel’s monarchy, but his failures serve as a warning about the dangers of disobedience and self-reliance

david’s role

the second king of Israel, and the ancestors of Jesus

david’s significance

the king who united Israel and establishes a dynasty, his covenant with God promises that his descendants will rule forever, a promise fulfilled in Jesus

Bathsheba’s role

the wife of David and the mother of Solomon

Bathsheba’s significance

her relationship with David begins with adultery and leads to the birth of Solomon, who becomes king, highlights themes of sin and redemption

solomon’s role

son of David and bathsheba, second and last king of a unified Israel

solomon’s significance

king of Israel who built the first temple in Jerusalem, known for his wisdom

job’s role

a man who suffers immense personal loss and physical affliction but remains faithful to God

job’s significance

his endurance through suffering emphasize the importance of maintaining faith in adversity, story represents suffering, faith, and the mystery of God’s will

isaiah’s role

a prophet who speaks God’s messages of judgment and hope to Israel

Isaiah’s significance

one of the major prophets who shapes Israel, foretelling the coming of the Messiah, emphasizes the holiness of God and the promise of a coming savior

pentateuch characteristics

contain laws, genealogies, narratives, and instructions, foundational books, lay the groundwork for creation, fall of man, and establishment of Israel, focus on covenantal relationships

pentateuch books

genesis, exodus, Leviticus, numbers, deurteronomy

historical books characteristics

focus on Israel’s history, details the rise and fall of kingdoms and God’s interactions, emphasizing faithfulness/lack thereof to God’s covenant, focus on God’s sovereignty, blend narrative and genealogy

books in historical books

Joshua, judges, ruth, first Samuel, second Samuel

Biblical poetry characteristics

characterized by parallelism, vivid imagery, and rhythm, uses rhetorical language, deeply connected to worship and prayer, explore God’s greatness, justice, and mercy

biblical poetry books

psalms, Song of Solomon

wisdom literature characteristics

provides guidance for living a Godly and moral life, practical approach to the pursuit of wisdom, focuses on themes such as fear of the Lord, pursuit of knowledge, and consequences for righteous/unrighteous living

wisdom literature books

proverbs, job

prophetic literature characteristics

contains writing of the prophets, poetic writing style that includes visions and oracles, follows pattern of confrontation, repentance, redemption, call people to obey God’s laws

prophetic literature books

Isaiah, jeremiah

genesis 2:18-23

God recognizes that it’s not good for man to be alone, so he creates a woman from Adam’s rib, bringing her to him, and Adam names women

Genesis 12:1-3

God instructs Abraham to leave his country, family, and home to go to a land God will show him, promising him a great nation

Genesis 16:1-6

Sarai suggests to Abram that he have a child with her Egyptian slave (Hagar) to which he agrees and Hagar conceives

Genesis 24:12-14

Abraham’s servant prays to God, asking for guidance in finding a wife for Isaac, and proposes a test: if a woman offers him a camel’s water, she is the one God has chosen for Isaac

Genesis 39:1-6

Joseph (slave in Egypt) is bought by Potiphar and finds favor with his master who puts him in charge of his household and possessions

Exodus 3:13-15

Moses asks God his name, and he responds with “I AM WHO I AM”

Exodus 21:28-30

if an ox gores a person to death, the ox is stoned to death and the owner is only liable if they knew and didn’t take precaution

Exodus 32:21-24

occurs after the Israelites worship the golden calf, Moses confronts Aaron about his role in leading the people to idolatry

Joshua 2:8-11

after hiding the Israelite spies, rahab goes to the roof and confesses her faith in the God of Israel

ruth 1:16-17

ruth expresses her unwavering loyalty to Naomi by declaring she will follow Naomi wherever she goes, and that Naomi’s people/God will be her own

1 Samuel 8:19-21

the Israelites (despite Samuel’s warnings) insist on having a king, demanding to be like other nations with a leader to judge and fight their battles, and Samuel reports this to the Lord

2 Samuel 6:20-22

David returns home to bless his household, but his wife Michal scolds him for his joyful dancing, deeming it undignified for a king

job 38:2-7

God questions Job about his knowledge of the creation of the earth, following Job questioning what was the point of his suffering in God’s plan

Proverbs 1:7

the fear of the Lord is the beginning of wisdom, fools despise wisdom and instruction