SOC 202 Final Exam

Health

State of complete physical, mental, and social well-being

Social Epidemiology

the study of how health and disease are distributed throughout a society’s population

What does Social Epidemiology Examine?

The origin and spread of dieases

Disease Model

Patients are first diagnosed and then treated. Focused more on health rather than illness

Affordable Care Act

Health Care to all americans. It aimed to expand access to health insurance, improve healthcare quality, and reduce healthcare costs.

Medicare

Healthcare for older americans

Medicade

Healthcare for poorer americans

Functionalism in Health Care

goal is to keep society’s members alive and functioning by promoting health and stability within the community. It emphasizes the role of healthcare systems in maintaining social order.

Illness is …

dysfunctional because people are unable to perform their roles in society

Legitimization

Doctor certifies that illness is real and genuine

Environmental Sociology

examines people’s beliefs and behavior about the environment and the ways in which the structure of society contributes to environmental problems

Ecological Modernization

Emphasizes the ways technology can improve environmental conditions

Treadmill of Production

Due to WW2, expansion happened which caused “withdraws” from the environment and “deposits” of pollutants

Environmental Injustice

refers to the disproportionate impact of environmental hazards on marginalized communities, often linked to social and economic inequalities.

Carrying Capacity

the number of people that Earth can support on a sustained basis

Demography

the scientific study of population

Life expectancy

the average life span of a country’s population

Demographic Transition Theory

a model that describes the transition of a country's population from high birth and death rates to low birth and death rates as it develops economically.

Social change

the transformation of culture and social institutions over time

Microchanges

day to day changes

Macrochanges

Changes that take longer on a broader scale

Cultural Lag

the time that passes between the introduction of a new item of material culture and its social acceptance.

Bureaucracy

an organizational model rationally designed to perform tasks efficiently

Collective Behavior

non-institutional activity in which several or many people voluntarily engage

Emergent Norm Theory

crowd behavior is guided by unique social norms, which are determined by people within the crowd

Value-Added Theory

a framework that explains how social movements develop through a series of stages, highlighting the importance of various factors that contribute to their emergence.

What are the stages of the Value-Added Theory

Structural condition, presence of structural strain, generalized beliefs, precipitating trigger, mobilization of action, failure of social control

Social Movements

Organized activity that encourages or discourages social change

Protagonists

All groups and collectives supportive of the movement, or who benefits from it

Antagonists

Those that stand in opposition to a movement

Bystanders

Those in the "community” that have no direct stake in the topic

Resource Mobilization Theory

Emphasizes the importance of resources

Political Process Theory

Emphasis on external political context - political opportunities

New Social Movement Theory

social movements that focus on issues of identity, culture, and quality of life, rather than traditional class-based economic concerns

Framing Theory

Constructing the stories we use to describe the world

Talcott Parsons

Creator of the “Sick Role”

Sick Role

Society responds to illness not only providing medical care but by allowing people a “sick role”

Ulrich Beck

Risk Society

Risk Society

the manner in which society organizes in response to risk

Alan Schnaiberg

Creator of Environmental Society

Thomas Malthus

Creator of Malthusian Theory

Malthusian Theory

War, Famine, and Disease would control human population that exceeded the earth’s carrying capacity

George Ritzer

“Society is becoming McDonaldized” - Efficiency, Predictability, Uniformity, Control

William Ogburn

Creator of Cultural Lag

Cultural Lag

the time that passes between the introduction of a new item of material culture and its social acceptance

Max Weber

Bureaucracy would dehumanize and alienate people

bureaucratic ritualism

focusuing on rules and regulations to the point of undermining an organization’s goals

Karl Marx

the resolutions of class changes caused changes in economies