Year 9 End of KS3 Science Revision Pack Biology and Physics
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A comprehensive set of flashcards covering key concepts from Year 9 Biology and Physics, focusing on cells, respiration, experimental design, and fundamental chemistry principles.
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70 Terms
What are all living things made of?
Cells.
What is the purpose of a microscope?
To magnify cells so we can observe them clearly.
Which part of an animal cell controls the activities of the cell?
Nucleus.
What structures do plant cells have that animal cells do not?
Cell wall, chloroplasts, and vacuole.
What is the function of mitochondria?
Responsible for respiration.
What is stored in the vacuole of plant cells?
Cell sap.
Why do red blood cells not have a nucleus?
To make more space for carrying oxygen.
What feature helps sperm cells move?
They have tails.
Why do root hair cells have a large surface area?
To absorb water efficiently.
Which type of cell carries electrical signals?
Nerve cells.
What is the difference between breathing and respiration?
Breathing is the physical movement of air; respiration is a chemical process that releases energy from food.
Where does gas exchange occur in the lungs?
In the alveoli.
What gas do we breathe in, and what gas do we breathe out?
Breathe in oxygen; breathe out carbon dioxide.
Which organelle is responsible for respiration?
Mitochondria.
What muscle helps in breathing?
Diaphragm.
What does IV stand for in an experiment?
Independent Variable.
What is a control variable?
A variable that is kept the same in an experiment.
What does DV stand for?
Dependent Variable.
Why is accuracy important in experiments?
It indicates how close results are to the true value.
Name one common safety rule in science labs.
Wear goggles.
What does the reactivity series show?
How reactive metals are.
Which is more reactive, potassium or gold?
Potassium is very reactive; gold is not.
What happens in a displacement reaction?
More reactive metals can displace less reactive ones from compounds.
Name a metal that reacts violently with water.
Sodium.
How can reactivity be tested?
With water, acid, and oxygen.
What is the pH of a neutral solution?
7.
What colour does litmus turn in acid?
Red.
What happens when an acid reacts with an alkali?
Neutralisation occurs, producing salt and water.
Name an indicator used to measure pH.
Litmus or universal indicator.
What do we call the tiniest particles that make up all matter?
Particles.
How do particles behave in a solid?
They are packed tightly and vibrate.
In which state of matter do particles move freely?
Gas.
What happens to particles when heated?
Their movement increases.
How do particles in solids compare to those in liquids?
Solids have tightly packed particles, liquids have particles that are close but can slide past each other.
What is required for an electric circuit to function?
A power source, wires, and components.
What is the difference between a series and a parallel circuit?
A series circuit has one path; a parallel circuit has multiple paths.
What unit is current measured in?
Amperes (A).
What does voltage measure?
The energy per charge.
How do you draw a resistor in a circuit diagram?
Using a zigzag line.
Give an example of a renewable resource.
Solar energy.
Name one non-renewable resource.
Coal.
What gas is released by burning fossil fuels?
Carbon dioxide (CO2).
Why are renewable resources more sustainable?
They never run out and are better for the environment.
What are fossil fuels mainly used for?
Generating energy or electricity.
What part of a plant cell contains chlorophyll?
Chloroplasts.
What is the main function of the cell membrane?
To control what enters and exits the cell.
What structure provides support and structure to a plant cell?
Cell wall.
What are the main functions of vacuoles in plant cells?
Storage of nutrients, waste products, and cell sap.
What do cells need to perform cellular respiration?
Oxygen and glucose.
What process do cells undergo to release energy in the absence of oxygen?
Anaerobic respiration.
What organ in the body is primarily responsible for gas exchange?
Lungs.
What role do cilia play in the respiratory system?
They help to move mucus and trapped particles out of the airways.
What is the process of converting glucose into energy called?
Cellular respiration.
What is the primary role of red blood cells?
To carry oxygen throughout the body.
What do nerve cells transmit?
Electrical signals.
How do root hair cells assist plants?
By increasing the surface area for water absorption.
What distinguishes an alkaline solution from an acidic solution?
Alkaline solutions have a pH greater than 7.
What is an example of an acid found in the household?
Vinegar (acetic acid).
Which type of reaction occurs when an acid neutralizes an alkali?
Neutralization reaction.
What is a typical characteristic of acids?
They have a sour taste.
How does temperature affect the rate of a chemical reaction?
Increased temperature generally increases the rate of reaction.
What is kinetic energy?
The energy of motion.
What is potential energy?
Stored energy based on position or state.
What is the purpose of using controls in an experiment?
To ensure that the results are due to the independent variable alone.
Why is it important to replicate experiments?
To ensure that results are reliable and not due to chance.
What does a higher pH level indicate?
More basic or alkaline solution.
How do you calculate magnification?
Magnification = image size / actual size.
What is the importance of safety goggles in the lab?
To protect the eyes from chemical splashes or debris.
What type of energy is stored in fossil fuels?
Chemical energy.
What are the environmental impacts of burning fossil fuels?
Release of CO2 and other pollutants contributing to climate change.