Unit1

photographer

/fəˈtɑgrəfər/ Noun - a photographer is someone who takes photographs, especially when it is their job. Examples: a photographer for Time magazine | a professional photographer (someone whose job is to take photographs) | a wedding photographer (someone who takes photographs of people’s weddings) | journalists and photographers waited at the airport for the president’s plane to land. Noun: photograph | Verb: photograph. take a photograph. there were lots of photographs on the wall | she took a photograph of the bridge | I like to photograph birds.

journalist

/ˈdʒɜrnəlɪst/ Noun - a journalist is someone who writes for a newspaper or magazine, or who reports the news on television or radio. Examples: journalists waited outside the building | a television journalist | she’s a journalist who reports for the Times newspaper | my daughter wants to be a journalist | a sports journalist.

explorer

/ɛkˈsplɔrər/ Noun - an explorer is someone who goes to places in order to find out about them, especially places that no one has been to before. Examples: Columbus, the explorer who discovered America, was Italian | the first European explorer came to New Zealand in 1642 | the island was named by explorer James Cook | Spanish explorers arrived here in 1536. Verb: explore | Noun: exploration. Henry Hudson explored the islands in 1607 | the exploration of space.

filmmaker

/ˈfɪlmˌmeɪkər/ Noun - a filmmaker is someone who makes movies for TV or the cinema. Examples: a well-known Hollywood filmmaker | a brilliant filmmaker | one of the best filmmakers in Britain.

first name

/fɜrst neɪm/ Noun - your first name is the name your parents gave you, which comes before your family name. Examples: What’s your first name? | my dad’s first name is Jeff | her last name is Williams but I don’t know what her first name is.

last name

/læst neɪm/ Noun - your last name is your family name, which everyone else in your family has. Examples: my last name is Jones | Smith is the most common last name in England | What’s your last name?

job

/dʒɒb/ Noun - your job is the work that you do to get money. Examples: Have you got a job? | Do you enjoy your job? | it’s a very boring job | I don’t want an office job | she found a job as soon as she left school.

occupation

/ˌɑkjuˈpeɪʃən/ Noun - your occupation is the work that you do to get money. Examples: What’s his occupation? | please write your name, address, and occupation here | his passport says his occupation is schoolteacher.

place of birth

/pleɪs ʌv bɜrθ/ Noun - your place of birth is the country where you were born. Examples: place of birth: Nigeria | she left her place of birth at the age of 18.

married

/ˈmærid/ Adjective - if you are married, you have a husband or wife. get married. Examples: he’s married and has three children | Are you married? | he’s 35 and he’s still not married | we got married last May. Verb: marry | Noun: marriage. Will you marry me?

single

/ˈsɪŋgəl/ Adjective - if you are single, you are not married. Examples: I don’t want to be single | both my brothers are still single but my sister is married | Are you happy being single?

relationship

/rɪˈleɪʃənˌʃɪp/ Noun - your relationship to someone is the fact of being their mother, father, brother, sister, etc. Examples: What’s your relationship to him? Is he your brother? | there’s no relationship between us. He’s just someone I was at school with. Noun: relation. I’ve got lots of relations in Germany.

wife

/waɪf/ Noun - your wife is the woman you are married to. Examples: this is my wife, Wendy | he has a wife and three children | my wife works in a bank.

aunt

/ænt/ Noun - your aunt is the sister of your father or mother. Examples: one of my aunts lives in Germany | my aunt Jenny is my dad’s sister | all my aunts are coming to the wedding | Do you have any aunts or uncles? | my aunt gave me an iPad for Christmas | my mom has gone to stay with my aunt for a week.

cousin

/ˈkʌzən/ Noun - your cousin is the son or daughter of your aunt and uncle. Examples: I’ve got three cousins | I’m going to stay with one of my cousins | she’s a cousin on my mother’s side (the daughter of my mother’s brother or sister) | Alex and I are cousins (he’s my cousin and I’m his cousin) | I’ve got five cousins but they all live in America.

father

/ˈfɑðər/ Noun - your father is the man who is your parent. Examples: my father is 48 | her father is a photographer | his father works in a factory | please don’t tell my father you saw me here.

grandparent

/ˈgrændˌpɛrənt/ Noun - your grandparents are the mother and father of your own mother or father. Examples: all my grandparents are dead | we’re going to stay with my grandparents for Christmas.

half-brother

/ˈhɑːfˌbrʌðə/ Noun - your half-brother is the son of only one of your parents. Examples: my half-brother is two years older than me | I live with my mother, stepfather, and my half-brother | I have two sisters and one half-brother.

mother

/ˈmʌðər/ Noun - your mother is the woman who is your parent. Examples: his mother is English | my mother is 48 | her mother is a photographer | his mother works in a factory | please don’t tell my mother you saw me here.

mother-in-law

/ˈmʌðərɪnˌlɔ/ Noun - your mother-in-law is the mother of your husband or wife. Examples: her mother-in-law is a doctor | he gets along very well with his mother-in-law | her mother-in-law died last year.

nephew

/ˈnɛfju/ Noun - your nephew is the son of your sister or brother. Examples: I have a nephew in Paris | it’s my nephew’s birthday next week | she has three nephews and four nieces.

niece

/nis/ Noun - your niece is the daughter of your sister or brother. Examples: her niece is at university in Norwich | I took my niece to the zoo for a birthday present | my nephew and niece are coming to stay for a week.

parent

/ˈpɛrənt/ Noun - your parents are your father and mother. Examples: Are your parents still alive? | my parents met when they were at university | both his parents are French | Will your parents let you come to my party?

stepbrother

/ˈstɛpˌbrʌðər/ Noun - your stepbrother is the son of your mother’s or father’s new partner. Examples: I don’t like my stepbrother | he plays guitar in a band with his three stepbrothers | when my dad remarried I suddenly had a stepsister and two stepbrothers.

uncle

/ˈʌŋkəl/ Noun - your uncle is the brother of your father or mother. Examples: my uncle gave me $100 for my birthday | my uncle Stan lives in Bristol | her three uncles came to the wedding.

grandmother

/ˈgrænˌmʌðər/ Noun - your grandmother is the mother of your mother or father. Examples: How old is your grandmother? | my grandmother is coming to live with us | her grandmother is a famous writer.

stepmother

/ˈstɛpˌmʌðər/ Noun - your stepmother is the new wife of your father. Examples: my stepmother is very nice | his stepmother died two years ago | Dan gets along well with his stepmother.

population

/ˌpɑpjəˈleɪʃən/ Noun - the population of a country is the number of people who live there. Examples: What’s the population of China? | the population of India is 1.3 billion | 20% of the population speak three languages.

percentage

/pərˈsɛntɪdʒ/ Noun - a percentage is an amount of something which is described as if it is part of a total of 100. A high or large percentage of something is a large amount or quantity of it. Examples: a percentage of people get these side effects from the medicine | a high percentage of our graduates find work in the banking industry | the percentage of Welsh speakers in the school rose to 24% | we were offered a percentage of the profits.

agriculture

/ˈægrɪˌkʌltʃər/ Noun uncount - agriculture is the work of growing plants and keeping animals for food. Examples: it’s a rural area with a lot of farms and agriculture | now, less than 5% of the population work in agriculture | the use of a lot of chemicals in modern agriculture can damage the soil.

city

/ˈsɪti/ Noun - a city is a big town where a lot of people live and work. Examples: the city is in the east of the country | I didn’t like living in a city | London is the biggest city in England | Paris is a very old city | St. Petersburg is a beautiful city | Beijing is the capital city of China (it is the most important city, where the government is) | the city center (where there are a lot of stores and businesses).

internet

/ˈɪntərˌnɛt/ Noun singular - the internet is the system that allows computers all over the world to share information, pictures, etc. Examples: I use the internet all the time for my homework | look it up on the internet | an internet search | Do you have access to the internet? (Can you connect to the internet?).

cell phone

/sɛl foʊn/ Noun - a cell phone is a telephone that you can carry around with you. Examples: I got my first cell phone when I was 11 | you can’t take your cell phone into the exam room | please turn your cell phones to silent (so they will not make a noise) during the concert.

fact

/fækt/ Noun - a fact is a piece of information which is true. Examples: some of these facts were really interesting | the article was full of facts about Walt Disney | the fact is that he’s been in prison for the last year | I had to learn 10 facts about the Second World War for homework.

opinion

/əˈpɪnjən/ Noun - your opinion is what you think or believe about something. Examples: What’s your opinion of the new boss? | Do you have any opinion on the matter? | in my opinion, we should buy a new car.

have

/hæv/ Verb - if you have something, it is yours. Examples: 5.5 billion people have a cell phone | I have two brothers and a sister | Do you have a car? | I wish I had a warm coat with me.

live

/lɪv/ Verb - the place where you live is the town or country where your home is and where you spend most of your time. Examples: 20% of the world’s population live in China | Where do you live? | I lived in Madrid for two years | my parents still live in Manchester | she lives on her own | Do you live in a house or an apartment? | he lives close to the university.

speak

/spik/ Verb - when you speak, you say words that people can hear and understand. If you can speak a language, you know enough of its words and grammar to be able to talk to other people who know that language. Examples: a billion people speak English as their second language | How many languages can you speak? | he speaks English with a German accent | she speaks very good Italian | Can you speak more slowly please?

use

/juz/ Verb - if you use something, you do something with it. Examples: nearly half the people on the planet use the internet | Can I use your phone? | use this towel to dry your hair | use your dictionary to find out what the words mean | I used the money to buy a bike.

work

/wɜrk/ Verb - if you work, you have a job and get money for it. Examples: his mother works in a bank | she works in New York | over 20 people work in my office | Where do you work? | he worked in a restaurant every evening | Do you have to work on Sundays? | he works hard at the factory all week.

country

/ˈkʌntri/ Noun - a country is an area of land that has its own government, like France, China, or Brazil. Examples: Russia is the biggest country in the world | there are students from 23 countries at my university | Which part of the country are you from? | we live in the north of the country.

region

/ˈridʒən/ Noun - a region is a large area of a country. Examples: people have lived in the region for thousands of years | it can get very cold in the northern regions of Russia | beyond this region lie the great nations of Asia | coastal regions (near the sea) have a lower temperature | he wrote a book about German regions and cities. Adjective: regional. a regional government.

industry

/ˈɪndəstri/ Noun - industry is the activity of making things in factories. Examples: he works in industry | the steel industry used to be based around Sheffield | the automotive industry (making cars and trucks). Adjective: industrial. a small industrial town near Glasgow | the north of the country is very industrial.

spell

/spɛl/ Verb - if you can spell a word, you can write it with all the letters in the right order. Examples: Can you spell your last name for me, please? | Does anybody in the class know how to spell “embarrassed”?

repeat

/rɪˈpit/ Verb - if you repeat something, you say it again. Examples: I can’t hear you, can you repeat that, please? | parrots can repeat sounds (they can copy them) | I didn’t believe him at first so I asked him to repeat it.

introduce

/ˌɪntrəˈdus/ Verb - if you introduce people, you tell each of them the other’s name when they meet for the first time. If you introduce yourself, you tell people your name when you meet them for the first time. Examples: I’ll introduce you to everyone in a minute | John, Alastair–have you been introduced? | let me introduce you to my mother | I just wanted to introduce myself: my name’s Jennie Bond.

star

/stɑr/ Noun - a star is a large object in space that shines very brightly like our sun. We can see stars at night in the sky. Examples: it was too cloudy to see any stars | I like to look at the stars through a telescope (a thing that makes objects look bigger) | Do you know the names of any of the stars?

step

/stɛp/ Noun - a step is one movement of your foot when you are walking. take a step. Examples: she took a step forward | some people like to count how many steps they take in a day | she crossed the room in just four steps. Verb: step. the young man stepped forward | I stepped inside the room to say hello.

stand

/stænd/ Verb - if you are standing, you are upright on your feet with your body straight. Examples: a young, German male | he stood by the door waiting for his taxi | I had to stand on the bus all the way home | don’t stand there–come and sit down.

male

/ˈmɑleɪ/ Adjective - boys and men are male people. Examples: male workers used to get paid more than female workers | a male colleague | a male nurse | two of our teachers are male, and the other three are female. Noun: male.

female

/ˈfiˌmeɪl/ Adjective - girls and women are female people. Examples: male workers used to get paid more than female workers | a female colleague | over half the students were female | two of our teachers are male, and the other three are female. Noun: female. a young, Mexican female.