Fungi and Protozoans

Ringworm (Skin disease)

Tinea corporis, T. cruris, T. capitis, T. unguium

Contagious from unclean environment/fomites

Antifungal drugs

T. pedis, secondary bacterial disease

Opportunistic fungal infection

Candidias

Candida auris

Candidiasis

Candida albicans is part of the normal floral

Thrush, vaginitis, infected tissues

Most common nosocomial fungal infection

Systemic infection in immunocompromised

Candida auris

Worldwide concern

Hospitalized patients, enters bloodstream

Highly resistant to antifungal drugs, special lab needed

Reproductive System Disease

Vulvovaginal candidiasis

Trichomoniasis

Vulvovaginal candidiasis

caused by Candida albicans

Opportunistic infection 

Can occur with diabetes, change in pH, hormone, and long-term antibiotic therapy

Trichomoniasis

caused by protozoan Trichomonas vaginalis transmitted sexually

Infects urogentical tract in males (rare symp.) and females

Asymptomatic

Respiratory

Coccidioidomycosis

Histoplasmosis

PCP

Blastomycosis

Aspergillosis

Coccidioidomycosis

Coccidioides immitis

Southwest USA, referred as Valley Fever

Spores are inhaled → mild flu

Spherule filled with spores

Can spread to meninges or bones

Histoplasmosis

Histoplasma capsulatum 

Endemic in central and eastern US

Soil fungal spores can survive in macrophages

Mild respiratory infection

Complications are pneumonia, spleen, liver, lymph nodes

Pneumocytis pneumonia (PCP)

Pneumocystis jirovecii

Invades lung cells

Asymptomatic but complications in immunocompromised people

Causes problems with AIDS

Blastomycosis

Blastomyces dermatitidis

Wound or breathing endospores into lung

Mature into yeast cells

Aspergillosis

Aspergillus fumigatus

Spores inhaled, decaying vegetation

Can lead to asphyxiation, also causes problem with AIDS or immunocompromised

Digestive System

Giardiasis

Amebiasis

Cyclosporiasis

Cryptosporidiosis

Giardiasis

Giardia duodenalis (intestinalis or lambila)

Cysts of organism injested → small intestine

Mature to trophozite and adhere with sucker disk

Severe diarrhea, dehydration, interrupt normal adsorption

Not killed by chlorine

Amebiasis (Amebic Dysentary)

Entamoeba histolytica

Acute or chronic

Mature to trophozoite and invade intestinal mucosa

Intestinal damage can make fecal matter enter body cavity → peritonitis

Cysts not killed by chlorine