Cell Membrane- Structure & Function

Cell Membrane (Plasma Membrane) is a flexible ___________ that surrounds the cell and controls what _________ and leaves

barrier; enters

Intracellular membranes are internal membranes inside the cell that create separate ______________ for specialized functions

compartments

Endomembrane system is a _______ of connected membranes that __________ and process cellular materials

network; ____________

Membrane functions are when cell membranes _________ the cell, regulate transport, allow communication, and maintain internal conditions

protect

Resting membrane potential is the slight ___________ charge inside a cell at rest at usually __mv

negative; 60

Membrane boundaries are when membranes create physical borders that separate the ________ of a cell from it’s environments and divides internal compartments

inside

Limited permeability when membranes _________ which substances can cross, allowing only certain molecules to pass through

restrict

Regulated Transport is when the membranes use specific ________ and mechanisms to control the _____________ of ions and molecules in and out of the cell

proteins; movement

Bulk Transport is when cells move _______ particles or large quantities using vesicles rather than individual molecules

large

Endocytosis is the process the cell membrane folds _______ to bring external materials into the cell inside vesicles

inward

Exocytosis is when vesicles fuse with cell membrane to _________ materials from inside the cell to the outside

release

Membrane trading is when there is continuous _______ of the membrane material and happens as vesicles bud off and fuse

cycling

Cell membranes have the site of metabolic reactions such as ____________ and gamete recognition

photosynthesis

Cell Membranes have communication through receptors, signal _____________, and neurons

transduction

Cell to cell contact and adhesion regulates ________

growth

Adhesion junctions are membrane junctions that made of __________ proteins that anchor cells to each other

cadherin

Cadherins are ________-dependent adhesion proteins

calcium

Tight junctions are _______ junctions that prevent molecules from slipping between cells

sealing

Gap junctions are protein channels that directly connect the __________ of neighboring cells

cytoplasm

In the Cell membrane the Smooth ER makes ______________

phospholipids

In the cell membrane the Rough ER makes _________ and glycolipids

proteins

In the cell membrane the Golgi may _____________

glycosylate

In the fluid part of a Fluid Mosaic Model the lipids can ______ and move side-to-side within the same layer

move

In the Mosaic part of the Fluid Mosaic model the proteins are ____________ throughout and have various arrangement

embedded

Flippases are enzymes that move specific lipids from the ______ layer to the ______ layer

outer; inner

Floppases are enzymes that move specific lipids from ________ layer to the _________ layer

inner; outer

Scramblases are enzymes that move lipids in _____ directions without strict specificity

both

In fluidity in the cell membrane there is photobleaching which involved ______ bleaching and the movement of lipids evidenced

laser

In Cell fusion the hybrid mouse-human cells experiment is when they fused mouse and human cells into ____ cell

one

In Cell Fusion Frye and Edidin where scientists who performed the classic cell _____ experiment

fusion

Genomics are the gene ____ that helps explain how membrane proteins are built and arranged

data

The three Cell Membrane Lipids are

1. Phospholipids

2. Glycolipids

3. Sterols

Amphipathic phospholipids spontaneously form micelle or ________ (hydrophobic/hydrophilic) which allows membranes to self-assemble

bilayer

Saturated/unsaturated fatty acid tails impact ________ and are exposed in foods

fluidity

______________ fatty acids help maintain proper membrane fluidity and function

unsaturated

Amphipathic phospholipids in membrane lipids have three components: Phosphoglycerides, _________________ , and AMPs (antimicrobial peptides)

phosphosphingolipids

The three parts of glycolipids in membrane lipids are glycoglycerolipids, _______________, and exoplasmic surface

glycosphingolipids

ABO blood group blood type antigens are ___________, showing how membrane sugars determine immune identity

glycolipids

MGDG and DGDG are cell-surface __________

antigens

The three types of sterols are

1. Cholesterol (animals)

2. Phytosterols (plants)

3. Ergosterols (fungi)

Rafts are small, cholesterol-rich membrane _________ that create more ordered regions used to organize signaling and trafficking

patches

The freeze-fracture technique is used to _____ the membrane to reveal how proteins are embedded inside it

split

X-Ray Crystallography is a technique used to know the 3D structure of membrane _________

proteins

Hydropathy analysis is used to predict which part of a protein ___ the membrane based on A-A sequence

span

Membrane carbohydrates act as ID tags that let cells ___________ each other

recognize

Glycolipids and Glycoproteins are lipids and proteins with _______ chains that help with cell communication and interaction

sugar

Glycocalyx are sugar rich ____ that protects the cell

coat

Spectrin proteins add flexible ________ in RBCs

strength

Selective Permeability controls movement into or out of the cell and particles only move if _____________ favorable

energetically

The Aqueous environment inside and outside the cell includes __________ fluid and cytoplasm

interstitial