French History: Alzamora

What is the symbol of French royalty?

Fleur-de-Lys

What is the French royal family's name?

Bourbons

What religions dominant France?

Roman Catholic & Huguenots

Henri II was married to ___ ___, hated protestants, and died in a ___ ___

1. Catherine Medici

2. jousting tournament

Who was Diane de Poitiers?

1. mistress of Henri II

2. 20 years older than his wife but never seemed to age

3. made Henri ignore his wife for a decade

What did Diane de Poitier's supposedly drink to stay young?

liquid gold

What did Catherine Medici bring to France?

ballet, forks, ice cream, Italian cuisine

What was the Massacre of St. Bartholomew's Day?

1. the wedding day of Henri of Navarre (Huguenot) & the princess

2. started by Catherine Medici

3. thousands of Huguenots were killed throughout France

Henri IV was known as ___ ___ ___ or ___ __ ___ and was the 1st ___

1. Good King Henri / Henri of Navarre

2. Bourbone

Henri IV family:

1. wife (Mary then Marie Medici)

2. dauphin Louis XIII

3. Henrietta Maria (married Charles I of England)

Who was Henri IV's advisor?

the Duke of Sully (made economically advances)

Henri IV quotes

1. "Jump the ditch" & "Paris is worth a Mass" (changed religion to become king)

2. "a chicken in every pot every Sunday" (wanted to make France that rich)

What was the Edict of Nantes?

gave Huguenots religious freedom

Because of ___, Henri IV encouraged infrastructure improvements which led to the building of the ___-___-___ and __ ___ ___

1. Keynes economics

2. Hotel-de-Ville (city hall)

3. Le Pong Neuf (first permanent bridge)

Who assassinated Henri IV?

Ravaillac Regicide (a religious fanatic)

What is it look called when someone murders a royal?

regicide

What is the idea of Keynes economics?

government should spend more money (on infrastructure) to stimulate the economy

What is the idea of Trickle Down economics?

government giving tax breaks to rich so they can expand their business (& the money will trickle down the chain)

What are supply-side economics?

increasing supply of goods & services drives drive economic growth (Trick-Down)

What are demand-side economics?

demand of goods & services drives economic growth (Keynes)

What is the Laffer Curve?

you can tax people so much before turning them off

What did LaSalle do?

1. claimed Louisiana for the French

2. explored lower Mississippi

What did Marquette do?

mapped the Mississippi

What did Jacques Cartier do?

1. mapped the shores of the St. Lawerence River & the Atlantic coast of Canada

2. named Canada

What did Samuel de Champlain do?

founded Quebec

What did Antoine de la Mothe Cadillac do?

founded Detroit

Louis XIII, aka the ___, married ___ __ ___ and was an absolute monarch that...

1. Just

2. Anne of Austria

Who were the two people who ran France for Louis XIII?

1. his mother (his regent)

2. Cardinal Richelieu (his advisor)

What did Cardinal Richelieu do for France?

1. advanced economics (mercantilism)

2. increased Bourbon power by weakening nobles and Huguenots

3. started the Thirty Years War

What is mercantilism & what did it call for?

1. idea that there is only a certain amount of wealth in the world

2. had state control prices & major industries

3. more colonies for resources (Haiti & Canada)

4. high tariffs & subsides

5. more exporting than importing

The Man in the Iron Mask

1. by Dumas

2. about a prisoner being moved from prison to prison and no one knows who he is

What is the Bastille?

high security French prison that was eventually turned into an armory

The Three Musketeers?

1. by Dumas

2. about a young man who meets three older musketeers & they go on political adventures

3. "all for one and one for all"

What is a musketeer?

private guards of the king

What is skepticism?

the idea that nothing can ever be known for certain

Quotes from Rene Decartes (skepticism philosopher)

1. "I think, therefore I am"

2. "It's not enough to have a good mind; the main thing is to use it well"

Who was Montaigne?

1. creator of the essay

2. wrote about how humans will never really know what is true

Louis XIV was known as the ___ ___, is the best example of an ___ monarch, yet he loved ___

1. Sun King

2. absolute

3. ballet

Quotes from Louis XIV

1. "I am the State"

2. "one king, one law, one faith"

Because Louis XIV was Catholic he rescinded the Edict of Nantes which caused...

1. many wealthy Huguenots to leave for America (such as the du Pont's who founded Delaware)

2. slowed economic expansion

Louis XIV believed in ___ ___ and went to war to expand them up to those points

natural borders

Versailles was Louis XIV's ___ ___ palace, where ___ of France's budget went for its building and upkeep, where Louis kept the ___, and it became a center for ___ & ___

1. billion dollar

2. 50%

3. nobles

4. art & ballet

Why did Louis XIV build the Palace of Versailles?

1. the Fronde (made him hate the Louvre, the palace before)

2. the Fauquet Affair

3. wanted to escape Paris (high crime rate)

Who was Cardinal Mazarin?

1. Louis XIV's advisor when he was young

2. strengthened the central government & made nobles hate him

What was the Fronde?

1. an uprising from the nobles against Louis XIV's advisor

2. put Louis' life in danger

What was the Fauquet Affair? How did Louis XIV find out?

1. his finical advisor had been stealing money from him

2. found out when he realized Faquet's house was bigger than his

What were intendants?

Louis XIV's government agents who collected taxes & administered justice while the nobles were at Versailles

Who was Colbert?

1. Louis XIV's next financial advisor

2. believed strongly in mercantilism

3. tried to make France self-sufficient

4. set up the Code Noir

What did the Code Noir do?

set up the basis for slavery in the French colonies

What is hegemony?

one nation is dominant

What was the War of Spanish Succession?

1. Louis XIV's grandson (Phillip) inherited the Spanish throne

2. caused the other smaller countries of Europe to unite so the crowns of France & Spain weren't united

The Treaty of Utrecht ended the War of Spanish Succession, what did it say?

1. put Louis' grandson on the throne but the crowns couldn't be united

2. gave the British Assiento, Gibraltar, & northern American (Canadian) territories

What is Gibraltar?

1. town at the entrance of the Mediterranean

2. in Spain but still UK territory

3. good for slave trade

What did Assiento do?

gave access to Great Britain to sell slaves to the Spanish & French

Liverpool

1. birthplace of the Industrial Revolution (textiles)

2. thought that slaves caused it

The Slave Coast in Africa was ___ in all aspects and 1.8 million slaves died on the ___ since they threw the ___ and ___ overboard

1. devastated

2. boat

3. sick and weak

Where did most slaves brought to America come through?

Charles, S.C. & New Orleans

Louis XV was known as the “___ ___,” loved science, especially ___, and ruled during the _ ___ ___ and the ___

1. “Well Loved”

2. biology (plants)

3. 7 Years War

4. Enlightenment

Madame Pompadour was both Louis XV’s advisor and ___ and was big into fashion, art, and architecture, which led her to create ___

1. mistress

2. Rococo

What is the Rococo style?

very elegant and feminine

Why was the French Pantheon built?

Louis XV promised to build the biggest church if he and his son survived a sickness

Champ Elysees

most famous street in Paris

The 7 Years War was the first ___ war and was fought between the French & English who had both laid claims on the ___ ___ ___ and ___

1. global

2. Ohio River Valley

3. Acadia

The war went horribly for the English until ___ ___ started to pour money into it which eventually led to ___ ___

1. William Pitt

2. heavy taxation

What are the three famous battles of the 7 Years War?

1. Quebec (Battle of the Plains of Abraham)

2. Duquesne

3. Fort Ticonderoga

The Battle of Quebec won Britain ___ and Duquesne, after Washington failed twice to capture it, helped win back the ___ ___ ___

1. Canada

2. Ohio River Valley

What ended the 7 Years War?

Treaty of Paris (1763)

What did Britain gain from the Treaty of Paris (1763)?

1. called the Primere (imperial power)

2. got Spanish Florida, New France (Canada), Sugar Islands (Haiti), Caribbean

Why did Louis XV say “after me the flood” to his son?

to warn him that if he didn’t fix things there was going to a mess

Louis XVI was nicknamed the “___” because he liked to tinker and could never make up his mind, married ___ ___, his advisor was ___, and was king during the American Revolution, Debt Crisis, and the French Revolution

1. Locksmith

2. Marie Antoinette

3. Necker

Why did the French not like Marie Antoinette?

1. from Austria

2. didn’t have an heir for a while (Louis had medical problems)

3. she always went shopping with girls (so they thought she was lesbian)

4. once fed the poor bread in million dollar wear

Ben Franklin was an American Ambassador who had girls all over and went to ___, where the Enlightenment was spreading, to ask for ___ for the American Revolution

1. salons

2. money

What did the Battle of Saratoga achieve?

convinced the French to give loans to the colonies even though they were broke and had to borrow money to pay the Americans

Who did the French send to help the Americans?

1. Rochambeau (gerneral)

2. Lafayette (right hand man of Washington)

Because the American Rev fought for Enlightenment ideas, the ___ ___ spread through France

American spirit

What were the downfalls of a rising population?

1. price of food went up

2. poor population got bigger and bigger

Louis XVI cannot raise taxes for the poor and the nobles & clergy are refusing to let him tax them so he has to call the ___ ___ at the request of ___

1. the Estates General (which hasn't met in centuries)

2. Lafayette

What did Montesquieu write?

What was his main idea?

What did he say?

1. Spirit of Laws

2. separation of power

3. “Power should be a check to power”

What did Voltaire write?

What was his main idea?

What did he famously say?

1. Candide

2. freedom of thought, expression, & religion

3. “I do not agree with a word you say but will defend to the death your right to say it”

What did Diderot write?

What was his quote?

1. the Encyclopedia

2. “man will never be free until the last king is strangled with the entrails of the priest”

What did Rousseau write?

What was his main idea?

What did he say?

1. The Social Contract

2. man is born good but society corrupts us (makes us slaves)

3. “man is born free, and everywhere he is in chains”

What did Mary Wollstonecraft write?

What was her main idea?

1. A Vindication of the Rights of Women

2. women need the same education as men

What did David Hume write?

What was his main idea?

What did he say?

1. A Treatise of Human Nature

2. passion leads human behavior

3. “reason is, and ought only to be the slave to the human passions”

What did Rene Decartes write?

What was his main ideas?

1. Critique of Pure Reason & Meditation on the First Philosopher

2. the mind could exist without the body yet the body could not exist without the mind

3. you can do what you wish

What did John Locke write?

What was his main idea?

1. The Two Treaties of Government

2. all people are born free & equal

3. that the government’s only purpose is to protect life, liberty, and property

What did Hobbes write?

What was his main idea?

1. The Leviathan

2. humans are naturally selfish

3. rulers should be absolute power

What did Adam Smith write?

What was his main idea?

1. Wealth of Nations

2. government shouldn't be involved in business (it will sort itself out)

What did Beccaria write?

What was his main idea?

1. On Crimes and Punishment

2. justice & civil rights

3. “No man can be judged a criminal until he is found guilty”