Ch. 6

Cell theory

All living things are made of cells, cells are the smallest unit of living things, all cells come from other cells

Prokaryotes

Lack a nucleus or membrane-bound organelles

Eukaryotes

Have a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles

Plasma membrane

Selective, semi-permeable barrier that allows select materials in and out

Nucleus

Holds DNA in a eukaryotic cell

Ribosomes

Carry out protein synthesis (mRNA → proteins)

ER

Smooth ER (lacks ribosomes) and Rough ER (studded with ribosomes)

Golgi apparatus

Flattened membranous sacs, modifies products of the ER

Lysosome

Membranous sac of hydrologic enzymes, digests macromolecules

Phagocytosis

Cells engulfing another cell

Vacuoles

Large vesicles, often pump or hold water

Mitochondria and Chloroplast similarities to bacteria

Enveloped by double membrane

Contain free ribosomes and circular DNA molecules

Grow and reproduce somewhat independently from cells

Mitochondria

powerhouse of the cell, have smooth outer membrane and inner membrane folded into cristae

Chloroplasts

Contain chlorophyll, function in photosynthesis

Peroxisomes

produce hydrogen peroxide

Cytoskeleton

Network of fibers extending throughout cytoplasm. Organize cell structures and activities.

Cell wall

Protects and maintains shape; found in prokaryotes, fungi, bacteria, and plants

In bacteria, DNA will be found in

The nucleoid

Which structure is common to plant and animal cells

Mitochondrion

Which of the following macromolecules leave the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell through pores in the nuclear membrane?

mRNA

Which of the following is the smallest structure that would most likely be visible with a standard research-grade light microscope?

Mitochondrion

Which structure below is independent of the e dome brand system?

Chloroplast

Which is the most common pathway taken by a newly synthesized protein that will be secreted by a cell?

Rough ER → Golgi → transport vesicle → plasma membrane