Studied by 0 people
Looks like no one added any tags here yet for you.
what are ionic bonds made of?
a metal and a nonmetal
what happens to electrons with ionic bonds?
they are transferred from cation (+) to anion (-)
are all 3 bond types electrically neutral?
yes
how are ionic bonds held?
they are held together by electrostatic forces
what is the melting point of ionic bonds?
high melting point (300-1000)
what is the hardness of ionic bonds?
crystals
are ionic bonds soluable?
yes they are soluable
in what state(s) are ionic bonds conductive in?
molten and aqueous
in what state(s) are ionic bonds not conductive in?
solid state
what are covalent bonds made up of?
two nonmetals
what happens to electrons in covalent bonds?
they are shared between atoms
how are covalent bonds held together?
by shared electrons and intermolecular forces (IMFs)
what is the melting point of covalent bonds?
low melting point (-260-400)
what is the hardness of covalent bonds?
they are brittle
what does being polar mean?
being soluable in water
what does being nonpolar mean?
not soluable
do covalent bonds conduct electricity?
no; the solid does not conduct
how do atoms move in a covalent bond?
they move around
what are metallic bonds made up of?
all metal atoms
metallic bonds can be either…
uniform or alloy
what happens to electrons in metallic bonds?
they travel freely around. “sea of electrons”
how are metallic bonds held together?
by delocalized electrons
what is the melting point of metallic bonds?
variable melting point
at standard pressure and room temperature, what do most metallic bonds form?
solids
are metallic bonds soluable or not soluable?
not soluable
in what state(s) are metallic bonds conductive in?
molten and solid
what do metallic bonds exhibit?
luster/shiny
what is special about metallic bonds that does not apply to ionic or covalent bonds?
they are ductile and malleable
what is a bond with an electronegativity difference of 1.7 or higher?
ionicw
what bond ranges from an ionic character of 0.4-1.6?
polar covalent
what bond ranges from an ionic character of 0.0-0.3?
nonpolar covalent
what is the octect rule?
s and p orbitals must total 8
the octect rule makes an element isoelectronic. what does that mean
it has the same electron configuration of its previous noble gas
what are the exceptions to the octect rule?
hydrogen (2) and boron (6)
what are dipoles?
polar bonds
which type of bond has the least energy, is the weakest, and the longest?
single bonds
what type of bond has the most energy, is the strongest, and shortest?
triple bonds
what is a coordinate covalent bond?
a type of SINGLE bond where both electrons are supplied by ONE element
what are lone pairs?
valence electron pairs that aren’t part of a bond
what is the VSEPR theory used for?
to make 3d orientations of molecules
what do electrons want to do to each other?
they want to repel each other and have maximum space between atoms
what are isomers?
compounds with same molecular formula but different structure
what are STRUCTURAL isomers?
they have a different covalent organization/arrangement
what are GEOMETRIC isomers?
they have the same amount of covalent bonds but differ in spatial arrangements?
what are ENANTIOMERS isomers?
they mirror images of each other
