Exam 1 Patho check yourself

What is the most common type of muscular dystrophy

Duchenne and Becker

Which of the following is true about muscular dystrophy

Cardiomyopathy is common

Which of the following is an example of a diffuse brain injury

concussion

Which grade of concussion can involve a loss of consciousness of less than 5 mins

Grade III

With epidural hematomas

the bleeding is located above the dura mater, the bleeding is located just under the skull, it is most commonly caused by a laceration of the middle meningeal artery

Bleeding in a subdural hematoma is usually caused by

tearing of the bridging veins

Which of the following types of cererbravascular accidents will lead to a global cerebral ischemia

hemorrhagic stroke

which of the following is most commonly caused by atherosclerosis of medium to large sized arteries in the brain

thrombotic stroke

The primary motor cortex is located

posterior to the central sulcus

This brain structure is responsible for collating all the relevant sensory information needed for comprehension of language

angular gyrus

A stroke affecting which side of the brain is more likely to lead to speech/language deficits

left side

Which of the following is not a characteristic of classic/true stroke

rapid resolution of deficits

A stroke patient who presents with aphasia and hemiparalysis (left side) is most likely having an

anterior stroke

Pyogenic meningitis

is contagious, is caused by a bacterial infection, and will present with cloudy spinal fluid when tapped

Aseptic meningitis

is caused by a viral infection

CSF is produced by

the. choroid plexus

CSF differs from plasma in its concentration of

magnesium, potassium, and sodium

A patient with meningitis laying in the supine position will likely react in which of the following ways if their head is passively flexed

flexion of the hip and knee

Which aspect of consciousness requires activity of the reticular activating system

arousal and wakefulness

which level of consciousness/altered consciousness is characterized by motor agitation, hallucination, and disorientation

delirium

the lowest possible score on the Glasgow coma scale is

3

which of the following states of altered consciousness represents the lowest level of consciousness

persistent vegetative state

Which. of the following best describes the initial signs and symptoms of Alzheimers

a gradual development of frequent forgetfulness

Physical changes typically seen in brain of patients with Alzheimers

brain atrophy, metal amyloid plaques, neurofibrillary tangles

in which area of the ins is the source of dysfunction for patients with parkinson’s disease

substantia nigra of the basal ganglia

classic signs and symptoms of parkinson’s

resting tremors of hands and feet, shuffling feet, slurred/altered speech

partial or total loss of vision in one or both eyes in patients with MS is called

optic neuritis

the most common pattern of disease progression in MS is followed by.

Relapsing remitting, Primary progressive

What is the purpose of pain and the unpleasant emotions that accompany it

warn of active or potential tissue injury, strong. motivation for shaping behavior, signal for learning/memory about dangers in our environment

which afferent fibers are not nociceptors

a-beta

which chemical mediator plays an important role in sensitizing the surrounding area of an injury and brings about increased pain sensitivity to this uninjured zone

substance P

which afferent fiber are responsible for conveying pain caused by injury to an organ like the kidney or. heart

C fibers (visceral)

Which part of CNS is responsible for perceiving the basic descriptive sensory components of pain

primary somatosensory cortex

Which part of CNS is responsible for perceiving the affective/emotional aspects of the pain experience

anterior cingulate and frontal insular

the descending pain pathway of the CNS is responsible for

pain modulation

Which of the following is Not a feature or component of innate immunity

takes days+weeks

Which of the following immune cells is myeloid derived

basophils neutrophils mast cells

which of the following immune cells is lymphoid derived.

NK cells

which of the following is the terminally differentiated form of monocytes.

macrophages

which of the following cells are phagocytic

dendritic cells

which of the following cells is not an antigen presenting cell

NK cells