The Reformation

Practice flashcards summarizing key concepts and events related to the Reformation.

What does the term 'Reformation' mean in the context of religion?

To reform or to change, specifically to reform religion.

What were some criticisms of the Roman Catholic Church in the 10th century?

Rulers, scholars, and clergy criticized Church practices.

Name one key cause of the Reformation.

The Renaissance emphasis on secular ideas.

What did John Wycliffe advocate for regarding the Bible?

He argued that the Bible, not the Pope, was the final authority for Christian life.

What were indulgences in the context of the Catholic Church?

Indulgences were pardons sold for money that were claimed to release sinners from performing penalties.

What document did Martin Luther write that criticized the sale of indulgences?

The 95 Theses.

What was the response of Pope Leo X to Martin Luther's challenges?

He threatened Luther with a decree of excommunication.

What was the Edict of Worms?

A declaration by Charles V that declared Martin Luther an outlaw and heretic.

How did the Reformation affect the Christian churches in Europe?

It led to the creation of Christian churches that did not accept the Pope’s authority.

Who was John Calvin and what was his contribution to the Protestant Reformation?

John Calvin was a reformer who established Calvinism and developed a doctrine of predestination.

What core belief did Calvinism establish concerning salvation?

The belief that God has predetermined who will be saved, known as the 'elect'.

What were the main ideas of the Catholic Reformation?

To reform the church from within and maintain Catholic loyalty; included the establishment of the Jesuits.

What were the findings of the Council of Trent regarding salvation?

It affirmed that Christians need faith and good works for salvation.

What significant action did Pope Paul IV take regarding literature?

He created The Index of Forbidden Books and ordered the burning of many books.

What was one legacy of the Reformation?

The establishment of various Protestant churches that thrived and contributed to the decline of the Catholic Church's authority.