Ostomy Care and Urinary Elimination Lecture Notes

This flashcard set covers the vocabulary and key concepts of ostomy care, urinary elimination, waste products, renal anatomy, assessment of output, and bladder dysfunctions.

Colostomy

An exit site made through the abdominal wall where stool consistency is based on the location of the procedure.

Ileostomy

An exit site through the abdominal wall often associated with a Kock pouch or continent ostomy.

Micturate

An older term that means to urinate (also known as voiding).

Urea

A waste product removed during kidney filtration that results from amino acid metabolism.

Uric acid

A waste product removed by the kidneys formed from the breakdown of RNA and DNA.

Creatine

A waste product of muscle metabolism that is removed from the blood by the kidneys.

Oliguria

Urinary output that is less than $30\,mL/hr$; may be caused by dehydration, illness, or renal failure.

Polyuria

Urine output greater than $3,000\,mL/day$; can be caused by fluid consumption, alcohol, or diuretics.

Anuria

The absence of urine production, which may indicate serious underlying conditions like kidney failure.

Urine pH

A measure of acidity or alkalinity ranging from $4.5 - 8$; acidic levels are influenced by high protein/cranberry diets, while alkaline levels result from citrus, dairy, and vegetables.

Specific gravity

A comparison of the weight of a substance with the weight of an equal amount of water, normally ranging from $1.005 - 1.03$; higher values indicate more concentrated urine.

Nephrons

The functional unit of the kidneys containing clusters of capillaries called the glomerulus; they play a major role in fluid and electrolyte balance.

Glomerulus

The site where filtration takes place within the nephron, filtering water, glucose, amino acids, urea, uric acid, creatine, and major electrolytes.

Urinary reflux

The backflow of urine into the ureters and pelvis of the kidneys caused by blockages like kidney stones.

Hydronephrosis

Distention or stretching of the renal pelvis caused by the obstruction of urine flow from the kidney to the bladder.

Dysuria

Difficulty or painful sensation during urination.

Edema

Swelling caused by fluid retention; when related to kidney problems, it is found in the hands, feet, legs, sacrum, and face.

Fluid Weight Correlation

A change in weight by $2\,lbs$ is equal to $1\,liter$ of fluid ($1\,liter = 1\,kg = 2.2\,lbs$).

Clean-catch urine specimen

Also known as a mid-stream catch; involves cleaning the urinary meatus with wipes before voiding.

Reagent testing

A dipstick urine test or "Point of Care testing" that provides immediate results for pH, specific gravity, protein, glucose, and other levels.

Renal Calculi

The medical term for kidney stones, which can occur anywhere in the renal system and may require straining urine for collection.

Urinary retention

The inability to empty the bladder at all or completely, which can lead to hydronephrosis and chronic renal failure if not relieved.

Residual urine

The urine that remains in the bladder after a patient voids, often caused by bladder outlet obstruction or detrusor muscle issues.