WEEK 2 - LABORATORY SAFETY 2

What is the source of chemical hazards in the laboratory?

Chemical Reagents

What document provides information on how to handle a chemical safely and is prepared by the manufacturer?

Safety Data Sheet (SDS)

What should always be checked before handling chemicals in the lab?

Chemical Hygiene Plan

What safety equipment should be used when handling volatile or hazardous chemicals?

Fume Hoods and Protective Eyewear

What is the correct way to dilute acid in water?

Pour acid over water

What is the purpose of the NFPA-704-M system?

To inform about the hazards of chemicals, especially for firefighters

Where can NFPA-704-M labels be found?

On shipping containers of chemicals

What does the blue diamond in NFPA-704-M indicate?

Health Hazard

What does a level 4 in the blue diamond mean?

Deadly or Lethal

What does a level 2 in the blue diamond mean?

Hazardous; Temporary Incapacitation or Residual Injury

What does the red diamond in NFPA-704-M indicate?

Flammability Hazard

What does a flashpoint level 4 in the red diamond mean?

Below 73°F; Will vaporize and readily burn at normal temperature

What does a flashpoint level 1 in the red diamond mean?

Above 200°F; Must be preheated before ignition

What does a flashpoint level 0 in the red diamond mean?

Will not Burn (Non-flammable)

What does the yellow diamond in NFPA-704-M indicate?

Reactivity of Chemicals

What does a level 3 in the yellow diamond mean?

May deteriorate with shock and heat

What does a level 0 in the yellow diamond mean?

Stable

What does the white diamond in NFPA-704-M indicate?

Other Specific Hazards

What does “OCY” in the white diamond stand for?

Oxidizer

What does “COR” in the white diamond stand for?

Corrosive

What hazard does the symbol “Use No Water” in the white diamond indicate?

Chemicals that react dangerously with water

What is the goal of the Globally Harmonized System (GHS)?

To establish a uniform approach in communicating chemical hazards

What does GHS use to visually represent hazards?

Pictograms

What are the 3 hazard classifications under GHS?

Physical, Health, Environmental

What type of injuries can physical chemical hazards cause?

Physical Injuries

What are examples of physical hazards under GHS?

Explosives, Flammables, Corrosives, Pyrophoric liquids, Self-reactive substances

What type of chemical ignites within 5 minutes of air contact?

Pyrophoric Liquids

What are self-reactive substances and mixtures?

Substances that undergo exothermic decomposition without oxygen

What does the exploding bomb pictogram represent?

Explosives, Self-reactive substances, Organic peroxides

What does the flame pictogram represent?

Flammables, Pyrophoric, Self-heating, Emits flammable gas, Self-reactive, Organic peroxides

What does the corrosion pictogram represent?

Skin corrosion/burns, Eye damage, Corrosive to metals

What does the flame over circle pictogram represent?

Oxidizers

What does the gas cylinder pictogram represent?

Gases under pressure

What type of hazards do toxic, irritants, corrosives, and carcinogens fall under?

Health Hazards

What does the skull and crossbones pictogram represent?

Acute toxicity (fatal or toxic)

What does the exclamation mark pictogram represent?

Irritant, Skin sensitizer, Harmful acute toxicity, Narcotic effects, Respiratory tract irritant, Ozone layer hazard

What does the health hazard pictogram represent?

Carcinogen, Mutagenicity, Reproductive toxicity, Respiratory sensitizer, Target organ toxicity, Aspiration toxicity

What rating in HMIS III and NFPA 704 indicates a minimal hazard?

0

What rating in HMIS III and NFPA 704 indicates a severe hazard?

4

In GHS, what category number indicates a severe hazard?

1

In GHS, what category number indicates a minimal hazard?

5

What should you avoid doing when a chemical spill or splash occurs?

Do not neutralize the chemical

How long should the affected area be flushed with water in a chemical splash?

At least 15 minutes

When should flushing begin after chemical exposure?

Within 10–15 seconds of exposure

How much water does an eyewash station deliver?

0.4 gallons per minute for 15 minutes

How much total water does an eyewash station deliver?

6 gallons

How much water does an emergency shower deliver?

20 gallons per minute for 15 minutes

How much total water does an emergency shower deliver?

300 gallons

What should be used to absorb non-acid/base chemical spills?

Dry sand or diatomaceous earth

What should you consult during a chemical spill?

Chemical Hygiene Plan and Safety Data Sheet (SDS)

What is the first step in handling a chemical spill on countertops or the floor?

Confine the spill to a small area

What protective item should be used to avoid inhaling during a spill?

Proper mask

What should be used to neutralize acid or base spills?

Appropriate spill kit

What is the source of fire hazards in the lab?

Laboratory equipment and chemicals

Where should flammable chemicals be stored?

Safety cabinets and explosion-proof refrigerators

How should compressed gas cylinders be stored?

Away from heat and securely fastened to a stationary device

What is the maximum travel distance for Class B fire extinguishers according to OSHA?

30–50 feet

What is the maximum travel distance for Class A fire extinguishers according to OSHA?

75 feet

What materials cause a Class A fire?

Wood, paper, clothing, and other solid combustibles

What extinguisher should be used for a Class A fire?

Water

What materials cause a Class B fire?

Flammable organic materials

What extinguishers are used for Class B fires?

Dry chemicals, CO₂, foam, Halon, loaded steam

What causes a Class C fire?

Electrical sources

What extinguishers are used for Class C fires?

Dry chemicals, CO₂, Halon

What materials cause a Class D fire?

Flammable metals

What extinguishers are used for Class D fires?

Sand and dry powder

What does RACE stand for in fire safety?

Rescue, Alarm, Contain, Extinguish

What does PASS stand for in fire extinguisher use?

Pull, Aim, Squeeze, Sweep

What are common sources of electrical hazards in the lab?

Laboratory equipment

What accidents can result from electrical hazards?

Electrical shock and fire

What safety practice should be followed regarding wet hands?

Do not operate equipment with wet hands

What type of plug must equipment be grounded with?

Three-pronged plugs

What should be regularly inspected to prevent electrical hazards?

Cords and sockets

What should you NOT do in cases of electrical shock?

Do not touch the victim

What type of disorders are caused by ergonomic hazards?

Musculoskeletal disorders

What are two examples of musculoskeletal disorders from ergonomic hazards?

Tendonitis, carpal-tunnel syndrome

What routine lab activity can contribute to ergonomic hazards?

Pipetting

What task involving heavy objects contributes to ergonomic hazards?

Lifting heavy reagent boxes

What aspects of workplace functionality can cause ergonomic hazards?

Floor matting, lighting, noise, temperature

What equipment designs may lead to ergonomic hazards?

Computer, chair, workstation

What are examples of cryogenic hazards?

Frostbite, asphyxiation, fire, explosion

What cryogenic substance can pose multiple hazards?

Liquid nitrogen

What are examples of mechanical hazards in the lab?

Centrifuge, microtome blade, hot plate

What are potential effects of radioactive hazards?

Cancer, burns

What is a common source of radioactive hazards in the lab?

Radioisotopes

What color bin is used for radioactive materials in waste disposal?

Orange bin

What should be disposed of in a yellow bin with a black band?

Empty reagent bottles, containers, pharmaceuticals