Federalism Overview

These flashcards cover key concepts and definitions of federalism, government types, along with historical examples and legislation relating to the relationship between state and federal powers.

What is federalism?

Federalism is a system of government that divides authority and power between the national government and regional governments (states).

What are the three main types of government discussed in relation to federalism?

The three main types of government discussed are autocracy (monarchy), oligarchy, and democracy (specifically, representative democracy).

What was the main failure of the Articles of Confederation?

The Articles of Confederation led to a weak national government that lacked sufficient powers to carry out its basic duties.

How does a unitary government differ from a confederal government?

In a unitary government, power is concentrated in the central government, while in a confederal government, power rests with the states.

What metaphor is used to describe the relationship between different systems of government?

The metaphor of 'Goldilocks and the Three Bears' is used to suggest that federalism is 'just right,' balancing power between unitary and confederate systems.

What are enumerated powers?

Enumerated powers are powers explicitly granted to the national government by the Constitution.

What are concurrent powers?

Concurrent powers are those powers that are shared by both the national and state governments.

What is dual federalism?

Dual federalism is a system where both federal and state governments operate separately and have distinct areas of authority.

What does cooperative federalism entail?

Cooperative federalism involves collaboration between federal and state governments, often marked by federal funding to states for various programs.

What is new federalism?

New federalism represents a shift back towards state power, reducing federal control, characteristic of the Reagan administration.

What is the significance of the Commerce Clause?

The Commerce Clause allows the federal government to regulate interstate commerce and has been a basis for expanding federal powers.

What are block grants?

Block grants are federal funds given to states with fewer restrictions on how to spend the money.

What are categorical grants?

Categorical grants are federal funds provided to states with specific conditions on how the money must be spent.

What are unfunded mandates?

Unfunded mandates are regulations imposed by the federal government on states without accompanying funding to cover the costs of compliance.

Why was the Dred Scott decision significant in the context of federalism?

The Dred Scott decision exemplified dual federalism by underscoring how states could implement their own laws, even when conflicting with national principles.

What is the Great Society?

The Great Society refers to a series of domestic programs launched by President Lyndon B. Johnson aimed at eliminating poverty and racial injustice, expanding federal involvement in various areas.