muscle questions

classes of joints

fibrous, cartilaginous, synovial

fibrous joints

no movement

cartilaginous joints

slight movement

synovial joints

free moving

Joints

where two bones meet

types of synovial joints

plane (gliding), hinge, pivot, condyloid, ball and socket

plane (gliding) joint

flat surfaces that glide over each other eg, carpal or tarsal

pivot joint

one bone slots into the other

condyloid joint

between skull and first vertebrae

hinge joint

only allows one type of movement. eg, elbow or stifle

ball and socket joint

hip, humerus, scapula

Abduction

moves away from the body

Adduction

moves towards the body

circumduction

one end of bone swivels around in the joint while the other end moves in a circle away from or towards the body

Flexion

decreases angle between bones

Extention

increases angle between bones

Ligaments

attach bone to bone

Tendons

Connect muscle to bone

synovial fluid

lubricates joints, reducing friction

ends of bones within a synovial joint

thin layers of cartilage

synovial fluid location

joint capsule

tendons and ligaments

gives flexibility and strength. made of dense connective tissue. full of collagen

skeletal muscle

striated. attached to bone. voluntary. enclosed in fascia

smooth muscle

involuntary. walls of organs. constant or slowly changing state of relaxation and contraction

cardiac muscle

involuntary, rythmic

muscular system function

movement, strength, support, heat production, respiration, sensory organs

origin

point of attachment usually the more strongly fixed end

belly

"body" (swollen part) of the muscle

insertion

point of attachment at the other end of the muscle

antagonist

opposing pairs of muscles