CRIM 4400 Exam 2

What are the two primary types of school violence?

Mass murder and single homicide.

What is the difference between targeted violence and indiscriminate attacks?

Targeted violence is premeditated against specific victims, while indiscriminate attacks lack specific targets.

What federal law enforces firearm restrictions in schools?

The Gun-Free School Zones Act.

What are common motivations for school shooters?

Revenge, mental illness, social rejection.

What are the two primary types of school violence?

The two primary types of school violence are mass murder, which involves the killing of multiple people at once, and single homicide, where an individual is murdered.

What is the difference between targeted violence and indiscriminate attacks?

Targeted violence is a deliberate act aimed at specific individuals, often due to personal grievances or motives, whereas indiscriminate attacks are random acts of violence where the perpetrator does not have designated targets, affecting anyone present.

What federal law enforces firearm restrictions in schools?

The Gun-Free School Zones Act is a federal law designed to prohibit the possession of firearms within school zones, aiming to provide safer educational environments.

What are common motivations for school shooters?

Common motivations for school shooters include revenge against peers, mental health issues that may impair judgment or emotional regulation, and feelings of social rejection, which can lead to intense anger or desperation.

What are key safety measures in schools?

Key safety measures in schools include architectural designs that enhance security (like controlled access points), employing security personnel to monitor safety, and conducting lockdown drills to prepare students and staff for potential threats.

How do law enforcement agencies respond to school shootings?

Law enforcement agencies implement specific active shooter protocols, which may include 'shelter-in-place' procedures where individuals are instructed to stay hidden and secure themselves, as well as evacuation tactics to safely remove individuals from danger.

What is Dietz’s Typology of Mass Murderers?

Dietz’s Typology is a classification framework that categorizes mass murderers based on their motivations, psychological profiles, and behaviors during the crime, helping to analyze the nature of such violent acts.

What role does media play in school violence?

The media can significantly influence public perception and behavior related to school violence; it may incite copycat crimes by glorifying perpetrators and can also perpetuate misinformation which complicates understanding and prevention.

What are bifurcated attacks?

Bifurcated attacks refer to violent incidents that occur in two distinct locations, often involving a shift in the weapons used or the tactics employed, reflecting a planned and strategic approach by the attacker.

What are the four types of workplace violence?

The four types of workplace violence are: 1) Criminal intent, where the perpetrator has no legitimate relationship with the workplace; 2) Customer/client, where a customer attacks an employee; 3) Worker-on-worker, involving violence between employees; and 4) Personal relationships, where domestic issues spill into the workplace.

What is the most common motive for workplace homicides?

Revenge or retaliation by disgruntled employees is the most prevalent motive for workplace homicides, often stemming from perceived injustices or grievances within the workplace.

How do threat assessments help prevent workplace violence?

Threat assessments systematically evaluate potential risks of violence within a workplace by assessing individuals' behavior and circumstances, which can lead to early interventions to prevent actual violent incidents.

What industries have the highest workplace homicide rates?

Industries such as retail, healthcare, and law enforcement experience the highest rates of workplace homicides, often due to exposure to potentially violent situations.

What is rampage killing?

Rampage killing is defined as a mass murder spree that occurs in a public space, characterized by a lack of specific target selection; the attacker indiscriminately harms multiple individuals.

What is the primary motive for gang-related homicides?

The primary motive for gang-related homicides is often rooted in retaliation against rival gangs or disputes over territorial control, usually as a means to assert dominance.

How do gangs recruit members?

Gangs recruit members through various means, including coercion, social pressure from peers, and the establishment of social ties that may lead individuals to seek belonging or protection.

What is a defining feature of cult-related killings?

A defining feature of cult-related killings is the presence of charismatic leadership that cultivates intense allegiance among members, often driving them to commit violent acts under ideological motivations.

How do cults maintain control over their members?

Cults maintain control over their members through psychological manipulation, which may include tactics like isolation from external influences, implementing strict rules, and fostering dependency.

Name a historical example of a cult-related homicide.

The Manson Family murders are a historically significant example of cult-related homicides, where members of Charles Manson’s cult committed murder at his instruction.

Define serial murder.

Serial murder refers to the intentional killing of three or more people over a period of time, with a cooling-off period in between each act, distinguishing it from a mass murder.

What are the four typologies of serial killers?

The four typologies of serial killers include: 1) Visionary, who act based on hallucinations or delusions; 2) Mission-oriented, deemed to have a mission to rid the world of certain groups; 3) Hedonistic, who kill for pleasure or thrill; and 4) Power/control, who seek to exert dominance over their victims.

What is the MacDonald Triad?

The MacDonald Triad consists of three childhood behavioral indicators—animal cruelty, fire-setting, and bedwetting—that have been statistically linked to later violent tendencies in individuals.

What distinguishes organized serial killers?

Organized serial killers are characterized by their meticulous planning of crimes, their ability to control the crime scene, and their tendency to leave minimal physical evidence, highlighting their strategic approach.

What is the Circle Hypothesis in geographic profiling?

The Circle Hypothesis is a method in geographic profiling that assists law enforcement in estimating a serial killer’s home base by analyzing the geographic distribution of their crime locations.

How do female serial killers differ from male serial killers?

Female serial killers often differ from male counterparts by commonly committing murders for financial gain, rather than for sexual gratification or violence, which is more prevalent among males.

What is the most common method used by female serial killers?

Poisoning is the most frequently employed method by female serial killers, often allowing them to commit acts of murder discreetly.

Who was one of the most infamous female serial killers?

Aileen Wuornos is one of the most infamous female serial killers, convicted of murdering multiple men in Florida during the late 1980s and early 1990s.

What is the role of forensic psychology in serial killer investigations?

Forensic psychology plays a vital role in serial killer investigations by aiding in understanding the psychological background of offenders, assisting in behavioral profiling, and predicting potential future actions.

What is the first step in a homicide investigation?

The first step in a homicide investigation is to secure the crime scene, ensuring that all potential evidence is preserved and protected from contamination.

Name three types of forensic evidence used in homicide cases.

Three common types of forensic evidence in homicide cases include DNA evidence, which can link suspects to the crime; fingerprints for identification; and ballistic analysis to connect a firearm to a shooting incident.

What is the CSI effect?

The CSI effect refers to the public’s misconception that forensic science can solve crimes instantaneously and with perfect accuracy, as often portrayed in popular media.

What role does the medical examiner play in a homicide case?

The medical examiner is responsible for conducting autopsies to ascertain the cause and manner of death in homicide cases, providing crucial information for investigations.

What are cold cases?

Cold cases refer to unsolved homicide investigations that are still open, typically due to insufficient evidence or leads that have failed to resolve the case.

How does technology aid in solving homicides?

Advancements in technology such as DNA databases, surveillance footage analysis, and biometric tracking significantly enhance the capabilities of law enforcement in solving homicide cases.

What is the importance of victimology in homicide investigations?

Victimology is vital in homicide investigations as it helps investigators understand the relationships between victims and offenders, which can illuminate motives and criminal patterns.

Why are eyewitness testimonies unreliable?

Eyewitness testimonies are often unreliable due to factors like memory distortions, suggestibility from external influences, and stress during the event, which can all affect recall accuracy.

What is forensic ballistics?

Forensic ballistics is the scientific study of firearms and bullet trajectories, crucial for linking specific weapons to criminal activity by analyzing ballistic evidence.

What is linkage blindness?

Linkage blindness is a phenomenon in criminal investigations where law enforcement fails to connect seemingly separate criminal incidents that are actually committed by the same perpetrator.

What is the role of criminal profilers in homicide cases?

Criminal profilers analyze behavioral trends and patterns in offenders to develop psychological profiles that can assist in identifying and capturing suspects.

How does social media impact homicide investigations?

Social media can significantly affect homicide investigations by providing digital evidence that aids inquiries; however, it can also lead to the spread of misinformation that complicates case resolution.

1.     The public is generally informed about crime and specifically about single and multiple homicide incidents through various news media. This makes it seem that certain rare crimes are _____.n rare
crimes are _____

more prevalent than what they are

1.     School shootings have been committed predominantly by ______.

teenage males

Rampage-style killings at work are the ______ homicides in that setting

rarest

The most frequently documented mass workplace killer is a _____________

middle-aged white male

1.     The most common motive of women who commit serial homicide is for ______.

personal gain

1.     Many people believe that to join a movement or cult the recruited person must be the subject of ________.

mind control

1.     As investigators, officers, and technicians move through a homicide scene and investigation, a critical function for each of them is _____.

documentation

The typical school mass killing or attack shows the shooter “snaps” one day and goes on an impulsive shooting spree.

false

There is wide consensus on how to prevent gun violence.

false

Agencies must educate employees about the various types or forms of workplace violence

true

Few individuals react to the stress if the workplace by acting out violently.

true

Detecting a medical serial killer is quite difficult, even in comparison with other serial killers.

true

Psychopathy is a condition characterized by personality traits that include the inability to feel guilt, deceitfulness, and poor impulse control

true

When the practices and beliefs of a group are different from that of a majority group, the majority group members are rarely uncomfortable, suspicious, or hostile.

false

A ________________________ serial killer has fun in the commission of their crimes.

hedonistic

_____________ is a broader and more value-neutral term that used to be known as cults.

new religious movement

Offenders often _________________ a neighborhood during an investigation, which is a proven tool and method in major case investigations.

canvass

Explain the defining feature of serial killing

The defining feature is the cooling off period between murders. There is at least one month between each murder.

What is the definition of a mass murderer?

Defined three, four, or more victims killed in one place at one time or over a relatively short period of time.

What is the Gun-Free Schools Act (1994)?

It is an act that mandates public schools to expel a student for a minimum of one year if they have a firearm on campus.