Hormone List Exam 1

Oxytocin

Hypothalamus (stored/released by Posterior Pituitary)

Uterine contraction, trigger for milk ejection, neurotransmitter in brain

target: uterus, breasts

Regulated by: Nervous System

ADH (Antidiuretic Hormone)

Hypothalamus (stored/released by Posterior Pituitary)

Inhibits urine formation, regulates water balance (kidney reabsorption)

target: kidneys

Regulated by: Nervous System

TSH (Thyrotropin)

Anterior Pituitary

Stimulates thyroid activity

target: thyroid

Regulated by: TRH Hormone

ACTH (Adrenocorticotropic)

Anterior Pituitary

Corticosteroid release

target: Adrenal Cortex

Regulated by: CRH hormone

GH (Growth Hormone)

Anterior Pituitary

Metabolism

• Glycogen breakdown and glucose release to blood (anti-insulin effect)

Mediates growth

• insulin-like growth factors (IGFs)

  • IGFs stimulate

  • Nutrient uptake

  • formation and deposition collagen/bone

Target: Bone and skeletal muscle

Regulated by: GHRH hormone (stimulates) and Somatostatin (inhibits)

PRL (Prolactin)

Anterior Pituitary

Stimulates milk production

target: breasts

Regulated by: Dopamine hormone

FSH (Follicle-Stimulating)

Anterior Pituitary

Gamete production (how sperm and eggs are made)

target: gonads

Regulated by: GnRH hormone

LH (Luteinizing)

Anterior Pituitary

Gonadal hormone production (Estrogen, testosterone)

target: gonads

Regulated by: GnRH hormone

T3/T4 (Triiodothyronine/Thyroxine)

Follicular cells of Thyroid

Major metabolic hormone

-increased metabolic rate & heat production

Regulated by: TSH hormone

PTH (Parathyroid)

Parathyroid

Increases calcium levels in blood

target: osteoclasts, kidneys, small intestine

Regulated by: Humoral Stimulus

Calcitonin

Parafollicular cells of Thyroid gland

Decreases calcium levels in blood

target: osteoclasts, kidneys

Regulated by: Humoral Stimulus

Aldosterone

Zona Glomerulosa of Adrenal Cortex

Stimulates sodium reabsorption (water retention) by kidneys.

Eliminates high levels of potassium

target: kidneys

Regulated by: Angiotensin 2 hormone

Cortisol

Zona Fasciculata of Adrenal Cortex

Stress response, blood glucose homeostasis, fluid retention, suppression of inflammation response

Regulated by: ACTH hormone

Androgens

Zona Reticularis of Adrenal Cortex

Female libido, pubic hair.

Regulated by: ACTH hormone

Epinephrine/Norepinephrine

Adrenal Medulla

Increased HR, increased metabolic rate, increase blood pressure.

Regulated by: Nervous System

Insulin

Pancreas

Released by beta cells. Decrease blood glucose.

target: liver

Regulated by: Humoral Stimulus

Glucagon

Pancreas

Released by alpha cells. Increase blood glucose.

Liver

Regulated by: Humoral Stimulus

Estrogen/Progesterone

Ovaries

Maturation of reproductive organs during puberty (breast development, menstrual cycle)

Regulated by: LH/FSH hormone

Regulated by: Humoral Stimulus

Testosterone

Testes

Produce sperm and male sex hormones

Regulated by: LH/FSH hormone

Resistin

Adipose tissue

Suppresses appetite, increases energy expenditure.

target: brain

Regulated by: Humoral Stimulus

EPO (Erythropoietin)

Kidney

Secreted in response to hypoxia. Stimulates production of red blood cells

target: red bone marrow

Regulated by: Humoral Stimulus

Natriuretic Peptides

Heart

Kidney: inhibits sodium reabsorption and renin release

Adrenal cortex: inhibits secretion of aldosterone, decreases blood pressure

target: kidney and adrenal cortex

Regulated by: Humoral Stimulus