AP Biology Unit Three Definitions

anabolic reaction

build something with energy

catabolic reaction

destroy something and get energy

cofactor (enzyme rate)

inorganic helper

coenzyme (enzyme rate)

organic helper (has carbon)

Competitive inhibitor

another molecule occupies the active site of an enzyme

Noncompetitive inhibitor

another molecule binds away from the active site of an enzyme

ATP

energy storage molecule

NADPH

reduced electron carrier

Photosystems

large complexes of proteins/pigments that harvest light energy

Chemiosmosis

The flow of ions (H+) down their concentration gradient

RuBP

a five carbon acceptor molecule for CO2

3-PGA

uses ATP and NADPH to convert to G3P

G3P

converted from 3-PGA; one goes to make glucose, and five are recycled

Thylakoids

Pancake-like structure within a chloroplast that absorb light

Grana

stacks of thylakoids in a chloroplast

Chlorphyll

pigment that absorbs light in the thylakoids

Stroma

fluid-filled space surrounding the Grana

Phosphorylation

The addition of a phosphate group to ADP making ATP

RedOx reaction

Reactions that involve electron transfers (OIL RIG)

Cellular Respiration

Organic fuels like glucose being broken down by an electron transport chain

Two types of electron carriers

NADH and FADH2

Acetyl CoA

A coenzyme that binds to the converted 2-carbon pyruvate

NAD+ and FAD

The original forms of NADH and FADH2

Photorespiration

Rubsico binds to O2 instead of CO2 because of hotter temperatures