Grade 9 Mathematics Final Exam Review Flashcards

Vocabulary flashcards for reviewing key concepts from the Grade 9 Mathematics final exam review notes, covering various units like Sets, Algebra, Surds, Pythagoras, Quadratic Equations, Coordinate Geometry, Trigonometry and Statistics.

Irrational Number

A real number that cannot be expressed as a simple fraction. Examples include numbers with non-repeating, non-terminating decimal expansions, such as −145.34567890134901 …

Venn Diagram

A diagram representing mathematical or logical sets pictorially as circles or other closed curves within an enclosing rectangle (the universal set), common elements of the sets being represented by the areas of overlap among the circles.

Coefficient

A numerical or constant quantity placed before and multiplying the variable in an algebraic expression. For example, in the term 3𝑥𝑦𝑧2, the coefficient is 3.

Factorization

The process of expressing a number or algebraic expression as a product of its factors.

Binomial Expansion

The process of expanding a binomial expression raised to a power, often using Pascal’s triangle to determine the coefficients.

Surd

An irrational number that can be expressed with a radical sign. Simplifying surds involves expressing them in their simplest radical form.

Hypotenuse

The longest side of a right-angled triangle, opposite the right angle.

Pythagoras' Theorem

In a right-angled triangle, the square of the length of the hypotenuse (c) is equal to the sum of the squares of the lengths of the other two sides (a and b): 𝑎2 + 𝑏2 = 𝑐2

Quadratic Equation

A polynomial equation of the second degree. The general form is 𝑎𝑥2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐 = 0, where a, b, and c are constants and 𝑎 ≠ 0.

Discriminant

The part of the quadratic formula under the square root, 𝛥 = 𝑏2 − 4𝑎𝑐, which determines the nature and number of solutions of the quadratic equation.

Slope

A measure of the steepness of a line, calculated as the change in y divided by the change in x (rise over run): 𝑚 = 𝑦2−𝑦1 / 𝑥2−𝑥1

Coordinate Geometry

The study of geometry using a coordinate system, allowing geometric problems to be analyzed algebraically.

General Form of a Line

The equation of a line written as 𝐴𝑥 + 𝐵𝑦 = 𝐶, where A, B, and C are constants.

Slope-Intercept Form

The equation of a line written as 𝑦 = 𝑚𝑥 + 𝑏, where m is the slope and b is the y-intercept.

Parallel Lines

Lines that have the same slope and never intersect.

Perpendicular Lines

Lines that intersect at a right angle (90 degrees). Their slopes are negative reciprocals of each other.

Trigonometry

The branch of mathematics dealing with the relationships between the sides and angles of triangles.

Angle of Depression

The angle formed by a horizontal line and the line of sight to an object below the horizontal line.

Statistics

The science of collecting, organizing, analyzing, and interpreting data.

Mean

The average of a set of numbers, calculated by summing all the values and dividing by the number of values.

Median

The middle value in a set of data when the data is arranged in ascending order.

Mode

The value that appears most frequently in a set of data.

Range

The difference between the highest and lowest values in a data set.

Interquartile Range

The difference between the upper quartile (Q3) and the lower quartile (Q1) in a data set, representing the spread of the middle 50% of the data.

Histogram

A graphical representation of data using bars of different heights. Each bar groups numbers into ranges. Taller bars show that more data falls in that range.