Caring Interventions: Blood Products, TPN, CVC, and Airway Management

Practice flashcards covering IV therapy, blood product transfusions, parenteral nutrition, central venous access, airway management, and chest tube maintenance based on NUR 112 lecture notes.

Infiltration

An IV complication characterized by the leakage of non-vesicant fluid into the subcutaneous tissue, requiring the nurse to recognize cues like swelling and coolness.

Extravasation

An IV complication involving the accidental administration of vesicant drugs into the surrounding tissue, leading to severe local tissue breakdown and necrosis.

$0.22$ micron filter

The type of filter used for most IV solutions, specifically including Total Parenteral Nutrition (TPN).

$1.2$ micron filter

The specific filter size required for the administration of lipid emulsions.

Y-tubing

Parallel tubing used specifically for blood product administration, which includes an integrated filter.

pRBC (Packed Red Blood Cells)

A blood product given for low or symptomatic hemoglobin and hematocrit; infusion must begin within $30$ minutes of leaving the blood bank and be completed within $4$ hours.

Thrombocytopenia

A condition characterized by low platelet levels, which is a common indication for a platelet transfusion.

Albumin

A blood-derived product used to treat hypovolemic shock, third spacing, or hypoalbuminemia.

Type $O-$

The universal donor blood type that can be received by all other blood types.

Febrile Trasfusion Reaction

A reaction characterized by fever, chills, anxiety, headache, tachycardia, and tachypnea.

Hemolytic Trasfusion Reaction

A life-threatening reaction occurring within the first $10-15$ minutes or first $50cc$ of blood, characterized by hemoglobinuria, chest pain, apprehension, low back pain, chills, and fever.

TPN (Total Parenteral Nutrition)

A specialized form of nutritional support given intravenously via an infusion pump for patients with significant gastrointestinal dysfunction.

EFAD (Essential Fatty Acid Deficiency)

A condition that patients are at risk for if they receive glucose and amino acids via PN without lipids.

CVC (Central Venous Catheter)

An intravenous access device required for the administration of TPN and vesicant drug infusions.

PICC (Peripherally Inserted Central Catheter)

A short-term central venous access device inserted into the basilic or median-basilic vein that can remain in place for up to several months.

Implanted Ports (Port-a-cath)

A long-term central venous access device surgically placed under the skin that requires a non-coring needle for access.

Pneumothorax

A specific CVC complication involving a collection of air in the pleural space, presenting with chest pain, SOB, anxiety, cyanosis, and decreased breath sounds.

CATS PRRR

A safety mnemonic for administering IV medications: Compatibilities, Allergies, Tubing, Site, Pump, Right rate, Release clamps, and Return/Reassess.

Titration

The process of changing a medication rate up or down depending on laboratory results or the patient's physiological reaction.

Tracheotomy

A surgical incision into the trachea through overlying skin and muscles for airway management.

Tracheostomy

The actual surgical creation of a stoma or opening into the trachea through the overlying skin.

Obturator

A component used during tracheostomy insertion to provide a rounded tip; it must be kept at the bedside in case of accidental decannulation.

Fenestrated Tracheostomy Tube

A tube with specific openings that allow air to flow through the upper airway, enabling the patient to speak and produce an effective cough.

Subcutaneous emphysema

A complication where air gets into the tissues under the skin, often assessed as a crackling sensation upon palpation.

Hemothorax

The accumulation of blood in the intrapleural space.

Empyema

A collection of pus in the pleural space or within the lung tissue itself.

Collection Chamber

The component of a chest tube drainage system where fluid drains; the nurse must notify the MD if drainage is $> 100$ ml/hr or suddenly turns bright red.

Water Seal Chamber

A chamber in the chest tube system that prevents air from entering the pleural space; it should show oscillation (up and down movement) with patient breathing.