Lesson 1: Origin of Philosophy

Philosophy

The love of wisdom; a science that studies the first causes or highest principles of all things using natural human reason.

Thales of Miletus

Recognized as the Father of Philosophy.

First Causes/Highest Principles

The foundational concepts that philosophy investigates.

Metaphysics

The study of reality, existence, being, and the nature of true reality.

Ethics

The study of morality, analyzing what is right or wrong and evaluating human actions.

Epistemology

The study of knowledge, examining how we know what we know.

Logic

The study of correct reasoning, focusing on valid reasoning and logical structure.

Aesthetics

The study of beauty, concerned with art and appreciating life.

Principle of Identity

States that whatever is, is; a thing is what it is.

Principle of Non-Contradiction

A thing cannot both be and not be at the same time and in the same way.

Principle of Excluded Middle

Something either exists or does not exist — no middle option.

Principle of Sufficient Reason

Nothing exists without a reason for its being.

Kagandahang-Loob

The concept of sharing oneself with others; reflects interpersonal values in Filipino culture.

Bahala Na

Trust in divine will, expressing courage and surrender to God's plan.

Utang na Loob

The debt of gratitude between people, encouraging helping others rather than just repaying favors.

Bayanihan

The spirit of community and helping others, reflecting belief in divine justice.

Filipino View of Time

Understanding time in a relaxed way, valuing rest and social connections.