Science baseline test - separating mixtures

I HAD A BREAK FOR A FEW DAYS AND NOW IM SCREWED SET 5/16

pure substance

contains only one substance, all its particles are the same

mixture

contains two or more substances, which may be elements or compounds

a pure substance has a

fixed melting and boiling point

solvent

able to dissolve other substances e.g water

solute

a dissolved substance e.g sugar

many gases

dissolve in solvents

saturated solution

contains the maximum mass of a substance that will dissolve, always has some undissolved substance

solubility

maximum mass of solute that dissolves in 100g of water

insoluble

cannot be dissolved in water

the higher the temperature

the greater the mass of sugar that dissolves

as temperature increases

most substances get more soluble

filtration

separates a liquid from an insoluble solid, or a solution from an insoluble solid

filtrate

the fluid that has passed through a filter e.g water

residue

the solid left on the filter paper e.g sand

seawater is a solution of..

salt in water

evaporation

the process by which a liquid turns into a gas, separates salt from seawater

distillation

uses boiling and condensing to separate substances with different boiling points

chromotography

separates dyes to find out which dyes make up which colours

the dyes are attracted to..

the paper, but some more strongly than others

chromatogram

the result of separating the dyes

scientists have…

used a different sort of chromatography to identify food nutrients