Developmental CH7

socialization

Fill in the Blank: _______________ is the teaching of values, roles, and behaviors of a given culture to that culture’s children.

clique

Fill in the Blank: A small group of friends who are similar in age, sex, race, and attitudes is called a(n) _______________.

undifferentiated

Fill in the Blank: According to Robert Selman, the first stage of a child’s perspective-taking development is the _______________ stage, during which the child understands that they and others have different thoughts, but often confuse the two.

true

True/False: Prejudice refers to a view of others, often negative, that is based on their membership in a particular group.

egalitarian

​According to Baumrind (1975, 1991), the four distinct parenting styles do NOT include which of the following?

false

True/False: As adults, children of divorced parents are less likely to experience a divorce themselves because select their spouses much more carefully.

​family ties

As a typical parent in Latin America, Maria would place great emphasis on developing a strong sense of ____ in her children.

​The children had more favorable attitudes toward African Americans.

​In one approach to countering racism, children in a European-American elementary school were taught about the racism that famous African Americans, such as Jackie Robinson, endured. What were the results of such informative lessons?

​negative reinforcement trap.

​Maryann’s mother asks her to go clean up her room, and Maryann promptly ignores the instruction. Her mother asks her again, and the outcome is the same. After a third attempt, this time with a bit of volume, Maryann starts whining that she doesn’t want to clean up her room. Her mother finally gives up and says, “Fine, if you want to live in a filthy room, that’s your choice.” Maryann’s mother has inadvertently increased the likelihood that Maryann will whine when asked to do a chore via the

authoritarian

​The ____ parenting style can be described as highly controlling but low in warmth.

false

True/False: When Jonathon’s son, Graham, misbehaves in the grocery store, Jonathon firmly scolds him and tells him, “If you do not start behaving, I will put back the cookies that you asked for.” Jonathon is using a type of feedback called negative reinforcement with his son.

​Who is a good playmate?

​What is the criterion by which most 4- or 5-year-old children select their first friends?