EASA PPL Air Law

Air Traffic

All aircraft in flight or operating on the manoeuvring area of an aerodrome.

What is the minimum equipment needed for VFR flight?

Compass, Timepiece, Altimeter, Airspeed Indicator

Which direction should you alter course if you are going to collide?

Right

What is the overtaking situation definition?

When the overtaking aircraft is within an angle of less than 70° from the extended centreline of the aircraft being overtaken

Which direction do you overtaking on taxiways?

Left

UK night definition

30 mins after sunset, 30 mins before sunrise

ICAO night definition

The hours between the end of civil twilight and the beginning of morning civil twilight.

What side is the red light at?

Left

What side is the green light at?

Right

What side is the white light at?

Back

What angle can the red and green lights be seen from?

110°

What angle can the white light be seen from?

140°

What does QFE setting mean?

The altimeter displays the height above a fixed aerodrome elevation (highest point on landing area)

What does QNH setting mean?

The altimeter displays the altitude above mean sea level (AMSL)

What does Standard Setting mean?

(1013 mb/hPa) The altimeter displays Flight Level (FL)

What is the transition level?

The lowest flight level available for use

What is the transition layer?

Airspace between the transition altitude and the transition level

What is the transition altitude?

The altitude at which you can switch to 1013 hPa

What would FL, Trans Level, Layer, Altitude and Altitudes look like?

Aircraft shall not be flown closer than ___ft to any person, vessel, vehicle or structure.

500ft

An aircraft should not Flt over a connected area of a city, town or settlement, below a rule height of ____ft above the highest fixed object within a radius of ___m

1000ft and 600m

An aircraft shall not fly overrun organised open-air assembly of more than 1000 persons below ____ft or be able to glide clear, whichever is higher.

1000ft

What does transponder mode A transmit?

Squawk code

What does transponder mode C transmit?

Squawk code, Pressure Altitude

What does transponder mode S transmit?

Squawk code, Pressure Altitude, Flight Identifier

What is a runway?

A defined rectangular surface on a land aerodrome prepared or suitable for the landing or take off of aircraft.

What is a taxi holding point?

The point at which the aircraft must stop unless further permission is given to proceed

How are parallel runways named?

L, R, C

What are the requirements for Simulated Instrument Conditions?

Dual controls, An additional pilot, Another pilot if needed due to FOV issues

What does the AIP contain?

General (GEN), En-route (ENR) and Aerodrome (AD) information

When does an AIP expire?

28 days

What do NOTAMs contain?

the condition/change, to any facility, service or procedure notified within the AIP.

Where can you get NOTAMs?

Pre-Flight Information Bulletin (PIB) using a live database

What colour is an information sign?

Yellow or black background with black or yellow inscription

What colour is a mandatory instruction sign?

Red background with white inscription

What colour are runway markings?

White

What colour are taxiway markings?

Yellow

What colour are runway end lights?

Red

What colour are runway threshold lights?

Green

At what height should an obstruction be lit?

150m (AGL above ground level)

What colour are high intensity obstacle lights?

Flashing white

What colour are low intensity obstacle lights?

Flashing yellow

What colour is a civil aerodrome ID beacon?

Green

What colour is a military aerodrome ID beacon?

Red

What does a solid red light mean to aircraft in flight?

Give way to other aircraft and continue circling

What does a solid red light mean to aircraft on the ground?

Stop

What does a flashing red light mean to aircraft in flight?

Do not land, airport unsafe

What does a flashing red light mean to aircraft on the ground?

Move clear of landing area

What does a solid green light mean to aircraft in flight?

You may land

What does a solid green light mean to aircraft on the ground?

You may take off

What does a flashing green light mean to aircraft in flight?

Return to aerodrome wait for permission to land

What does a flashing green light mean to aircraft on the ground?

You may move on the manoeuvring area and apron

What does a flashing white light mean to aircraft in flight?

Land after receiving continuous green light then after wait for further instructions

What does a flashing white light mean to aircraft on the ground?

Return to starting point on the aerodrome

If in an emergency, what should you immediately squawk?

7700

What is the emergency frequency?

121.500 MHz

What does rocking wings and a slow level turn to the left mean?

Follow me

What airspace is controlled?

A,B,C,D,E

What airspace is uncontrolled?

F,G

What is controlled airspace?

Airspace of defined dimensions within which all aircrafts are controlled

How is visibility measured?

km

How is distance from cloud vertically (ceiling) measured?

ft

How is distance from cloud horizontally measured?

m

To fly VFR you must be in?

VMC (These vary with airspace and altitude)

What VMC minima is it for class A airspace?

VFR not allowed

What VMC minima is it for class B airspace?

FL 100 - 8km visibility, clear of cloud

3000ft AMSL - 5km visibility, clear of cloud

What VMC minima is it for class C-E airspace?

FL 100 - 8km visibility, 1000ft vertically, 1500m behind

3000ft ASML - 5km visibility, 1000ft vertically, 1500m behind

What VMC minima is it for F-G airspace?

FL 100 - 8km visibility, 1000ft vertically, 1500m behind

3000ft ASML - 5km visibility, 1000ft vertically, 1500m behind

IAS < 140kts - 5km visibility, Clear of cloud or 1500m visibility and surface in sight

What is the Aerodrome Traffic Zone (ATZ) radius when the runway is < 1850m?

2 nm

What is the Aerodrome Traffic Zone (ATZ) radius when the runway is > 1850m?

2.5 nm

What is constant Aerodrome Traffic Zone (ATZ) height at any runway length?

2000 ft

What does Special VFR allow?

Non-IFR flights to be in Class A airspace or class D airspace when weather is less than VMC

What is IFR?

Rules which allow properly equipped aircraft to be flown under IMC (Instrument meteorological conditions)

What are the 4 types or Air Traffic service?

Air Traffic Control Service, Air Traffic Advisory Service, Flight Information Service, Alerting Service

Where is Air Traffic Control Service provided?

IFR in class A,B,C,D,E; VFR in B,C,D; all SVFR flights; all aerodrome traffic at controlled aerodromes

What should you do if you are given an unsuitable ATC clearance?

Request an amended clearance

What is a radio mandatory zone (RMZ)?

Airspace where Radio equipment is mandatory

What should you do when entering a RMZ?

A call containing, designation of station being called, call sign, type of aircraft, level, intentions of flight

What is a transponder mandatory zone (TMZ)?

Airspace where Transponder equipment is mandatory

What should you do when entering a TMZ?

Set your transponder mode in compliance with mode prescribed for that particular airspace

What does article 5 of the Chicago convention state?

The aircraft of states other than scheduled international air services have the right to make flights across state territories and to make stops without prior permission

What does an international private flight need to carry?

Radio Licence, Certificate of Airworthiness (Non-EASA aircraft), Flight Crew Licences, Certificate of Registration

What must aircraft ID plates be made from?

Fireproof material

What should an aircraft ID plate contain?

Registration, Model, Serial Number

What is the objective of the investigation of an aircraft accident?

Prevention of accidents and incidents. It is not the purpose to place blame or liability

What is distress?

A condition of being threatened by serious and/or imminent danger and requiring immediate assistance

What is urgency?

Condition concerning the safety of an aircraft or other vehicle, or of come person onboard or within sight, but which does not require immediate assistance.

What is the way of remembering transponder codes?

Hi Jack, I can't talk right now, I'm on fire

Transponder code 7500

Unlawful interference

Transponder code 7600

Radio Failure

Transponder code 7700

general emergency

Transponder code 7000

VFR conspicuity code

Transponder code 2000

When entering UK airspace from region where transponders are not required

What should you say as a light aircraft following an aircraft of a higher wake turbulence category?

Caution wake turbulence

How to declare a fuel low distress situation?

MAYDAY MAYDAY MAYDAY FUEL

What aircraft can a PPL holder fly?

Any types they have on their licence

When can a PPL holder receive any renumeration for services as a pilot?

Towing a glider, dropping parachutists, or has a Flight Instructors Rating

What limitations is there on flying passengers?

In the past 90 days they must have had 3 take-offs and 3 landings, in an aircraft of the same class

Minimum hours for PPL

45 hours of flight instruction in aeroplanes, 25 hours of dual flight instruction, 10 hours of supervised solo (5 hours cross country)

The minimum age for EASA PPL student to fly solo

16