BIOCHEM LAB water and it's properties

Water (H2O)

-important in all living systems.

-Serves as natural solvent for mineral ions and other substances.

-dispersion medium for colloidal cells like protoplasm • -medium for biochemical reactions

-most abundant component of cell

-Present in 70% of the human (except bones and enamel)

Chemical Reactions

water participates actively in biochemical reactions like hydrolysis and condensation reactions, as well as being the medium in which

metabolic reactions occur.

Support and structure

in plant cells, water provides pressure which maintains cell rigidity and overall structural support.

Hydration

water is essential for maintaining ____, which is crucial for Overall heat and survival.

Osmosis

-Happens because water naturally moves from areas where it is more concentrated (low solute) to areas where it is less concentrated (high solute) to balance concentrations. Example is maintaining homeostasis for water balance-particularly regulating the FBC'S "hydration state" providing whether an isotonic, hypertonic, or hypotonic soln.

-This movement occurs because the sucrose solution has a higher solute concentration, creating an osmotic gradient water molecules naturally flow from an area of low solute concentration ( deionized water) to an area of high salute concentration (sucrose solution) to equalize the concentration gradient and achieve equilibrium. As a result, the level of the sucrose solution increases the deionized water decreases, while the level of the deionized water decreases

Dialysis

In ____, the membrane separates small molecules (like urea) from large molecules (like proteins). For example is in the cases of kidney failure, dialysis machines artificially filter blood by this principle, removing waste while keeping useful proteins in the blood.

Hypertonic

This is the type of reaction that happens to RBC where it shrinks due to loss of water from the cytoplasm which causes the cell membrane to collapse inward. This is because water moves out of the cell to balance the solute concentration.

Hypotonic

This is the type of reaction that happens to RBC where it swells and may burst (hemolysis). This is one to excess water intake which

also increases internal pressure until the membrane can no longer contain it. This happens because the water moves into the cell by osmosis.

Isotonic

This is the type of reaction that happens to RBC where it retains it’s normal shape and volume because water moves in and out at equal rates, means the cell is in equilibrium

Decreases

When solute is higher, H20 ____

Increases

When solute is lower, H20 ____

It remains as dry solids with no visible reaction

What happens when water isn’t used in the citric powder and sodium bicarbonate powder experiment?

The powders dissolved and reacted, releasing bubbles of carbon dioxide and forming an aerate solution, proving it’s an effective medium for biochemical reactions

What happens when 5 ml of water is used in the citric powder and sodium bicarbonate powder experiment?

-cover mouth of thistle tube w/ cellophane

-add 20% of sucrose solution up to the neck inside of thistle tube

-add deionized water same level of the liquid inside the beaker

-observed difference of solution after 30 mins

How to perform osmosis

13 test tubes, test tube rack, thistle tube, iron stand, beaker, burette stand

material needed for water experiment

H2O and Hexane

2 solvents used

nacl, sugar, gelatin, CuSO4, ethanol

Polar substance/s that dissolve in water

Butter and water

Non-Polar substance/s that dissolve in Hexane

because it is made up of non-polar fats

Why is butter not soluble in water

Sodium bicarbonate and citric acid

Two solutes for biochemical reactions with water

Releases bubbles forming carbon dioxide therefore creating an aerate solution

What happens when sodium bicarbonate and citric acid is combined?

3C6H8O7

Chemical formula of citric acid

3NaHCO3

Chemical formula of sodium bicarbonate

Na3C6H5O7+3CO2+3H2O

Chemical formula for sodium citrate

Osmotic gradient

the reason osmosis happen because a sucrose solution has a higher solute concentration