Anatomy & Physiology 2

Tissue membranes

are a single layer (monolayer) of cells (epithelial) supported by C.T, that help compartmentalize (organize), protect, cushion structure of the body. usually they line internal passageways and cover the body

Epithelial

composed of a layer of epithelial cells and connected at the basement membrane loose areolar C.T

C.T 

Composition is almost entirely C.T based. loose areolar deep to that, superficial to that is dense irregular C.T 

Synovial joint capsule 

composed of a synovial joint (the most moveable joint of your body) wrapped with a synovial C.T membrane 

(only one place in the body you will find true C.T membrane)

synovial joint layer 1: intima

innermost layers into the bones/joints itself

composed of specialized C.T cells called synoviocytes

synovial joint layer 2: subintima

Superficial portion, touches outer ligaments 

composed of specialized C.T cells called synoviocytes 

Synoviocytes

secretes synovial fluid: aqueous contains hyaluranoic acid (humectant, draws water) and specialized proteins that act like lubricants
higher viscosity (the relative rate of flow for a liquid) than water alone 

Macrophages

large white blood cells, they patrol the body, look for things that can be bad, help protect, remove waste from the joints

1st epithelial membrane cutaneous 

Only dry, made up of 2 layers (epidermis, dermis) which make external covering of body which is skin

1st line defense against pathogens, innate immune function (born with it)

2nd epithelial membrane mucus (mucosae)

lines internal body passageway that “open” to the external environment 

*wet membrane* fluid called mucus which has a high viscosity 

traps debris, pathogens

specialized epithelial called globes cells that secret mucus water + sugar + protein called “mucin” high viscosity 

3rd epithelial membrane serous (serosae)

*wet membrane*- line internal body cavities and protect, compartmentalize, cushion organs/structures

1st componet of serous: parietal layer

“wall” touches, deep to the walls of a cavity

2nd component of serous: visceral layer

“guts, organs” touch, wrap over organs/structures

Globet Cells

secrets mucus, has a high viscosity

G.I tract

respiratory tract

Reproductive tract 

Urniary tract

what is the integumentary system composed of

2-3 layers of tissue and accessory structures

superficial to deep

1)epidermis 

2) dermis

3)hypodermis 

epidermis

primary dead/dying cells called keratinocytes

dermis

two layers of connective tissue (loose areolar , dense irregular c.t)

hypodermis

Subcutaneous fat (adipose) insulation, cushioning

deepest level

what is the accessory structure

assist in the functions of the layers (ex:sweat glands an accessory structure)

layers of the epidermis (deep to superficial)

stratum basale: a singel layer of basal stem cells that constantly divide to produce new keratinocytes (4 weeks new epidermis )

simple cuboidal

layers of the epidermis (deep to superficial)

stratum spinisum: “spiny” presence of desmosomes “cell adhesion”