VMT 209 - EXAM 5 (pt 1)
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bacterial diseases
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114 Terms
Ehrlichiosis is a ___ _____ disease.
tick borne
The causative agent of Ehrlichiosis is…
Ehrlicia canis
Ehrlicia canis is a rickettsia bacteria, which means…
it acts as an intracellular parasite
Ehrlicia canis infects ______ cells.
white blood cells
Ehrlicia canis is gram….
negative
What species is susceptible to Ehrlicia canis?
dogs
Ehrlicia canis is most commonly found in the…
Southeast and Southwest U.S.
Ehrlicia canis is transmitted by…
tick bite
The tick that transmits Ehrlicia canis is the…
brown dog tick
The three stages of Ehrlichiosis are…
acute
subclinical
clinical
What are the clinical signs of the acute stage of Ehrlichiosis?
fever
swollen lymph nodes
respiratory distress
weight loss
spontaneous hemorrhage/bleeding
ataxia
Ataxia is…
unsteadiness on feet
What are the outcomes of the acute stage of Ehrlichiosis?
eliminate the disease with/without treatment
pass to the next stage
What are the clinical signs of the subclinical stage of Ehrlichiosis?
there are no outward signs
During the subclinical stage of Ehrlichiosis, the organism…
is still present
What are the outcomes of the subclinical stage of Ehrlichiosis?
eliminate the disease with/without treatment
remain in this stage indefinitely
pass to the next stage
What are the clinical signs of the clinical stage of Ehrlichiosis?
anemia
bleeding episodes
lameness
blindness/hemorrhage in eyes
swollen limbs
blood cell disorders
Ehrlichiosis can be diagnosed by…
antibody testing
exam findings/signs
PCR testing
It takes about __ weeks for antibodies to develop against Ehrlichia canis.
2-3 weeks
Ehrlichiosis is treated with…
four weeks of antibiotics
supportive care
In severe cases of Ehrlichiosis, _____ ______ may be used to treat patients.
blood transfusions
Does Ehrlichia canis have zoonotic potential?
yes
Anaplasmosis is a ___ _____ disease.
tick borne
The causative agent of Anaplasmosis is…
Anaplasma phagocytophilum
Anaplasma phagocytophilum is gram….
negative
What species are susceptible to Anaplasma phagocytophilum?
dogs, humans, and sometimes cats
Anaplasma phagocytophilum is transmitted by…
tick bite
The species of ticks that transmits Anaplasma phagocytophilum are…
deer ticks, western blacklegged ticks, and sometimes brown dog ticks
The symptoms of Anaplasmosis are typically present for ___ days.
1-7 days
The clinical signs of Anaplasmosis are…
lameness
joint pain
fever
lethargy
anorexia
In rare occasions, Anaplasmosis may cause…
cyclic thrombocytopenia
Cyclic thrombocytopenia is the…
periodic decrease in platlets
Anaplasmosis can be diagnosed using…
antibody testing
It takes ___ weeks for antibodies to develop against Anaplasma phagocytophilum.
3-4 weeks
Brucellosis is a ______ ______ disease.
reproductive system
The causative agent of Brucellosis is…
Brucella canis
What species is susceptible to Brucella canis?
dogs
Brucellosis is a _____ transmitted disease.
sexually
Brucella canis is shed in…
genital secretions (high amount)
urine/saliva (low amount)
In addition to sexual contact, Brucella canis can be transmitted by…
bacteria being ingested, inhaled, or coming into contact with mucous membranes
The clinical signs of Brucellosis in male dogs are…
epididymitis
enlarged scrotum/testes
infertility
atrophy of testes
Epididymitis is the…
infection of the epididymis
Atrophy of testes is the…
shrinkage of the testes
The clinical signs of Brucellosis in female dogs are…
infection of the uterus
infertility
spontaneous late stage abortion
still born offspring
persistant vaginal discharge
It is possible for Brucella canis to also infect…
eyes, kidneys, and the brain
Brucella canis can be diagnosed with…
blood antibody testing
It takes ___ weeks for antibodies to develop against Brucella canis.
3-4 weeks
It is important to screen breeding dogs…
on a routine basis
Is it possible for Brucellosis to be completely eliminated with treatment?
no, infected dogs may shed the bacteria intermittently for life
Brucellosis is treated with…
antibiotics
How do spaying and neutering help when treating Brucellosis?
reduces the bacteria spreading
Does Brucellosis have zoonotic potential?
yes, but it is not very common
In the case of human infection, Brucellosis is a ______ disease.
reportable
Feline chlamydia is a…
conjunctival disease
The causative agent of feline chlamydia is…
Chlamydophila felis
Chlamydophila felis is an ________ pathogen.
intracellular
Chlamydophila felis infects _____ _____ cells.
white blood cells
Chlamydophila felis is a…
gram negative coccobacillus
What species are susceptible to Chlamydophila felis?
cats and humans
Chlamydophila felis is transmitted through…
direct contact with infected cats
from mother to kitten
The clinical signs of feline chlamydia are…
conjunctivitis
yellow, watery ocular discharge
mild sneezing, nasal discharge
fever
lethargy
Typically, feline chlamydia run its course after ____ weeks.
2-3 weeks
It can be difficult to distinguish feline chlamydia between…
herpes and calicivirus
It is possible to get a definitive diagnosis for feline chlamydia using…
PCR testing from conjunctival swabs
isolating bacteria from a cell culture
Feline chlamydia can be treated with…
oral antibiotics
topical antibiotics
Treatment for feline chlamydia should not…
be stopped until 10 days after symptoms improve
Feline chlamydia can be prevented with…
vaccines
The vaccine for feline chlamydia should be administered…
yearly
While feline chlamydia does have zoonotic potential, it is most common to infect…
immunocompromised individuals
Should a human be infected with Chlamydophila felis, they may experience…
respiratory problems and conjunctivitis
Feline infectious anemia is also known as…
Feline Hemotrophic Mycoplasmosis
The causative agent of Feline Hemotrophic Mycoplasmosis is…
Mycoplasma haemofelis
Mycoplasma haemofelis was formally known as…
Hemobartonella felis
Mycoplasma haemofelis is gram…
negative
Mycoplasma haemofelis infects…
the surface of red blood cells
Mycoplasma haemofelis causes red blood cells to…
break down or marks red blood cells to be attacked and destroyed by the immune system
The destruction of red blood cells due to Feline Hemotrophic Mycoplasmosis causes…
anemia
Anemia occurs when…
there is a reduced number of red blood cells or low quantity of hemoglobin
As a result of anemia, red blood cells are not able to…
carry oxygen to other cells
What species are susceptible to Mycoplasma haemofelis?
cats
Mycoplasma haemofelis more commonly infects…
male cats
cats with outdoor acess
FIV+ cats
Mycoplasma haemofelis is transmitted by…
biting, blood sucking parasites (fleas)
direct contact during cat fights
mothers to their kittens
blood transfusions
Mycoplasma haemofelis has a __ week incubation period.
7 week
It is possible for Feline Hemotrophic Mycoplasmosis to be mild and cause…
little to no symptoms
If mild, Feline Hemotrophic Mycoplasmosis may become clinical if…
there are concurrent illness
Feline Hemotrophic Mycoplasmosis becomes symptomatic when high numbers of red blood cells are destroyed, causing…
pale mucus membranes
jaundice
weakness
fatigue
weight loss
enlarged spleen and/or lymph nodes
increased heart/breath rate
Feline Hemotrophic Mycoplasmosis is diagnosed by…
bloodwork (dx anemia)
observation of microorganisms on the surface of red blood cells
PCR testing
Feline Hemotrophic Mycoplasmosis is treated with…
antibiotics
steroids
treating concurrent illness
blood transfusions
Why are steroids used to treat Feline Hemotrophic Mycoplasmosis?
steroids will slow the immune response, reducing the amount of red blood cells being attacked by the immune system
Even after treatment, patients may remain _____ of Feline Hemotrophic Mycoplasmosis.
carriers
Feline Hemotrophic Mycoplasmosis can be prevented by…
preventing flea infestations
reducing aggression between cats
screening before donating blood
Does Feline Hemotrophic Mycoplasmosis have zoonotic potential?
yes, but only in immunocompromised people
The causative agent of Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever is…
Rickettsia rickettsi
Rickettsia rickettsi is gram…
negative
Rickettsia rickettsi is an ________ pathogen.
intracellular
What species are susceptible to Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever?
dogs and humans
Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever is most common in…
North, South, and Central U.S.
Rickettsia rickettsi is transmitted by…
tick bite
What tick species transmit Rickettsia rickettsi?
american dog tick
rocky mountain wood tick
some brown dog tick
The early clinical signs of Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever are…
fever
loss of appetite
enlarged lymph nodes
vomiting/diarrhea
joint pain
swelling of extemities/face