Unit 1 - 3.1 Vesicular Transport Flashcards

Flashcards covering the mechanisms and types of vesicular transport, including endocytosis (receptor-mediated, phagocytosis, pinocytosis) and exocytosis, based on the NURS 246 lecture notes.

What are the four main categories of transport processes in the body?

Bulk flow, diffusion, protein-mediated transport, and vesicular transport.

For what type of molecules is vesicular transport primarily used?

Macromolecules that are too large for protein-mediated transport (channel) systems.

What two main processes facilitate vesicular transport?

Endocytosis and Exocytosis.

Does vesicular transport require ATP?

Yes, ATP is required for vesicular transport.

What is the purpose of endocytosis in relation to macromolecules?

To internalize macromolecules from the extracellular to the intracellular compartments.

What is the purpose of exocytosis in relation to macromolecules?

To release macromolecules from intracellular to extracellular compartments.

What are the three types of endocytosis discussed?

Receptor-mediated endocytosis, phagocytosis, and pinocytosis.

Which type of endocytosis is highly selective and requires specific receptor-ligand binding?

Receptor-mediated endocytosis.

What is another name for receptor-mediated endocytosis due to its mechanism?

Clathrin-mediated endocytosis.

Give an example of receptor-mediated endocytosis.

LDL (low-density lipoprotein) receptor-mediated endocytosis of cholesterol-rich LDL.

Which type of endocytosis involves engulfing large solid particles like dead cells, bacteria, or viruses?

Phagocytosis.

What specialized cells primarily perform phagocytosis?

Phagocytes, such as macrophages (transformed from monocytes) and neutrophils.

What is the membrane-bound vesicle formed during phagocytosis called?

A phagosome.

Which type of endocytosis involves the non-selective enclosing of extracellular fluid?

Pinocytosis.

Are receptor proteins involved in pinocytosis?

No, receptor proteins are not involved in pinocytosis.

What is another name for pinocytosis?

Bulk-phase endocytosis.

Where are pinocytosis processes commonly employed in the body?

By the absorptive cells in the intestines and kidneys.

Describe the cellular process of exocytosis.

Cytoplasmic vesicles move to the plasma membrane, fuse with it, and then release their contents into the extracellular space.

Name some substances typically released from a cell via exocytosis.

Digestive enzymes, hormones, mucus, and neural transmitters.