American YAWP Chapters 23-24

Black Tuesday

What event on October 29, 1929, is often cited as the start of the Great Depression?

Unequal wealth distribution

What term describes the situation where a small number of wealthy people held a large percentage of the nation's wealth, contributing to the Depression?

Weak banking system

What was a major weakness in the American economy leading to the Depression, characterized by risky loans and lack of regulation?

Global

Was the Great Depression a global or U.S.-only event?

Bank run

What is it called when a large number of depositors, fearing a bank's collapse, withdraw their money at once?

Herbert Hoover

Who was the president at the start of the Great Depression, often criticized for his response?

American individualism

What was Hoover's philosophy of rugged individualism and limited government intervention called?

Reconstruction Finance Corporation (RFC)

What agency did Hoover create to provide loans to banks and businesses, seen as too little, too late?

Smoot-Hawley Tariff

What 1930 tariff, signed by Hoover, raised taxes on imported goods and worsened the global depression?

Hoovervilles

What was the nickname for the shantytowns of homeless Americans that appeared during the Depression?

Breadlines

What were the lines where people could receive free food from charities and public agencies called?

Bonus Army

What was the name for the group of WWI veterans who marched on Washington in 1932 to demand early payment of their promised bonuses?

Franklin Delano Roosevelt (FDR)

Who was elected president in 1932, promising a "New Deal" for the American people?

First New Deal

What was the name for the initial wave of FDR's relief and recovery programs passed during his first hundred days?

Emergency Banking Act

What 1933 act, passed during a "bank holiday," allowed the government to inspect and reopen sound banks?

Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC)

What New Deal agency was created to insure individual bank deposits and restore public confidence in banks?

Glass-Steagall Act

What New Deal act created the FDIC and separated commercial banking from investment banking?

Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC)

What New Deal program employed young men in environmental conservation projects like planting trees and building parks?

Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA)

What New Deal agency built dams to provide electricity, prevent flooding, and modernize the South?

Civil Works Administration (CWA)

What short-term New Deal program created millions of manual labor jobs for the unemployed during the winter of 1933-34?

Works Progress Administration (WPA)

What major Second New Deal agency created millions of jobs in public works, research, and the arts?

Wagner Act

What 1935 act, also known as the National Labor Relations Act, protected workers' rights to unionize and bargain collectively?

Huey Long

The Louisiana senator who criticized the New Deal and proposed a radical "Share Our Wealth" program.

Share Our Wealth

Huey Long's proposal to confiscate large fortunes and redistribute them to poor families.

Second New Deal

What was the name for the second wave of more radical and reform-focused New Deal legislation beginning in 1935?

Social Security Act

What landmark 1935 act created a national system of retirement pensions, unemployment insurance, and aid for dependent children?

Eleanor Roosevelt

The First Lady who was a prominent advocate for civil rights, women, and the poor, acting as FDR's "eyes and ears."

G.I. Bill

What 1944 act provided returning WWII veterans with benefits like college tuition, low-interest loans, and unemployment?

World War II (WWII)

What event is credited with finally ending the Great Depression through massive government spending and industrial mobilization?

Isolation

What was the dominant foreign policy of the United States in the 1930s, aimed at avoiding involvement in foreign conflicts?

Attack on Pearl Harbor

What event on December 7, 1941, directly caused the United States to enter World War II?

December 1941

In what month and year did the United States officially enter World War II?

Roosevelt, Churchill, and Stalin

What were the names of the leaders of the main Allied powers (The Big Three)?

German invasion

What event caused the Soviet Union to join the Allied powers in 1941?

D-Day

What was the name for the Allied invasion of Normandy, France, on June 6, 1944?

V-E Day

D-Day opened a critical second front in Europe, leading to the liberation of France and the eventual defeat of Germany.

Great Marianas Turkey Shoot

The nickname for the Battle of the Philippine Sea, a decisive U.S. naval victory that destroyed Japanese naval air power.

Manhattan Project

What was the top-secret U.S. government program to develop the atomic bomb?

Bracero Program

The wartime agreement between the U.S. and Mexico that allowed Mexican laborers to work temporarily on American farms.

Rosie the Riveter

The iconic symbol of American women who worked in factories and defense industries during World War II.

Tuskegee Airmen

The first African American military aviators in the U.S. Army Air Corps, who escorted bombers in Europe with distinction.

Double V Campaign

The civil rights campaign led by Black Americans to achieve victory over fascism abroad and victory over racism at home.

Congress of Racial Equality (CORE)

The interracial civil rights organization founded in 1942 that pioneered nonviolent direct action protests.

Executive Order 9066

What executive order, signed by FDR, authorized the forced removal and incarceration of Japanese Americans from the West Coast?

War relocation camps

What was the term for the government-run camps where over 110,000 Japanese Americans were incarcerated during WWII?

No

During WWII, was the Air Force an independent branch of the military?

Alien Enemy Act

The 1798 law that grants the president the authority to detain and deport non-citizen residents from hostile nations during wartime.

4/5

According to the text, what fraction of J.D. Rockefeller's fortune vanished after the stock market crash?