AP HUG Unit 5 Questions Flashcards

What influences the types of food people consume in different countries?

Level of Development, Physical Conditions, and Cultural Preferences.

What is the main reason developed countries consume more food from various sources?

They have a higher level of development and better distribution systems.

In which type of climate is rice predominantly grown in Asia?

The physical conditions that support rice cultivation.

What is an example of a cultural food avoidance?

Hindus avoid consuming beef due to religious beliefs.

Define Human Environment Interaction.

The ways in which society and the environment influence one another.

What does Carrying Capacity refer to in agricultural terms?

The number of people a region can sustainably support.

What is Food Insecurity?

A condition where households have limited access to adequate food.

What characterizes a Food Desert?

Areas with limited access to affordable and nutritious food.

What is a Food Swamp?

An urban environment with many non-nutritious food options but few grocery stores.

What does Food Security ensure?

Access to safe and nutritious food sufficient for an active and healthy life.

What is Agriculture?

The deliberate modification of Earth's surface through cultivation of crops and rearing animals.

What is Subsistence Agriculture?

Food production primarily for consumption by the farming family.

How would you define Labor Intensive agriculture?

Agricultural practices requiring a large amount of labor to produce goods.

What is Commercial Agriculture?

The production of cash crops primarily for sale off the farm.

Define Capital Intensive agriculture.

Farming that relies on machinery and tools to produce large amounts of goods.

What is a Cash Crop?

A crop grown for sale rather than for personal use.

What are Extensive Farming Practices?

Low inputs of labor and capital per unit of land with minimal cultivation intensity.

What describes Intensive Farming Practices?

Farming that requires high amounts of labor and investment to increase yield.

What are Hunter Gatherers?

Nomadic people who collect food daily in small groups.

What major shift occurred during the First Agricultural Revolution?

Transition from hunter-gatherer societies to agriculture-based ones around 10,000 BC.

What was a significant development of the Second Agricultural Revolution?

Mechanization and advancements in agricultural production during the 18th century.

What is the Third Agricultural Revolution also known as?

The Green Revolution.

What does Seed Agriculture involve?

Reproduction of plants through the planting of seeds from sexual fertilization.

Define Vegetative Planting.

Reproduction of plants by direct cloning from existing ones.

What are Agricultural Hearths?

Birthplaces of crops or areas known for crop origins.

Where is the Indus River Valley located?

Northwestern region of South Asia, known for early civilization.

What characterizes Southeast Asia geographically?

Region south of China, east of India, and northwest of Australia.

What does the term 'The Columbian Exchange' refer to?

The transfer of plants, animals, and culture between the Western Hemisphere and Europe.

What is the Fertile Crescent?

Area near the southeastern Mediterranean known as a site for early agriculture.

What is Shifting Cultivation?

Subsistence agriculture where farmers shift crops between fields.

How does Slash and Burn agriculture work?

Farmers clear land by slashing vegetation and burning debris.

What is Frequent Relocation in agriculture?

Farmers switch locations periodically to allow soil recovery.

Define Nomadic Herding.

Subsistence agriculture based on herding domesticated animals.

What is Transhumance?

Seasonal movement of livestock between grazing grounds.

What define Ranching?

Commercial agriculture where livestock graze over extensive areas.

What characterizes Intensive Subsistence Agriculture?

Growing crops on small plots with high labor and inputs.

What is Mixed Crop/Livestock Farming?

Commercial farming integrating crops and livestock.

Define Plantation Agriculture.

Production of one or more cash crops on large land areas.

What are the characteristics of a Tropical Climate?

Warm temperatures and abundant rainfall.

What does the Bid-Rent Theory explain?

How land use changes based on proximity to urban centers.

What is a Feedlot?

A place where livestock are concentrated and fattened for slaughter.

What is the purpose of a Dairy Farm?

Production of milk and dairy products.

What is a Milkshed?

Area surrounding a city where milk can be supplied without spoiling.

What does Terrace Farming involve?

Creating stepped levels on hilly terrain for crops.

What is Irrigation?

Man-made systems that supply water to agricultural land.

What is the Global System of Agriculture?

The interconnected economic, social, and environmental factors affecting agriculture.

What does the Von Thunen Model predict?

Land use in relation to transport costs to markets.

Define Local Food Movements/LOCAVORE.

Promotion of consumption of locally produced food.

What does a Global Supply Chain encompass?

Networks involved in moving a product from supplier to customer.

What are Economies of Scale?

Cost advantages gained by larger firms due to volume production.

What is CSA (Community Supported Agriculture)?

A model where consumers buy shares of a farm’s harvest.

What are Value Added Specialty Crops?

Agricultural products enhanced through processing or marketing.

What is the Fair Trade concept?

Ensuring producers in developing countries get fair wages for their products.

Define Dietary Energy Consumption.

Amount of food an individual consumes measured in energy.

What is Clustered Distribution?

Population pattern where groups are closely located together.

What does Dispersed Distribution mean?

Spacing of people within geographic boundaries.

Define Linear Distribution.

A settlement pattern where buildings are arranged in a straight line.

What is the Metes and Bounds system?

Land descriptions based on physical geography and distances.

What is the Township and Range system?

A grid layout for identifying land parcels.

What characterizes a Long Lot?

Rectangular plots giving equal access to a river.

What is Desertification?

Land degradation leading to desert-like conditions.

What is Soil Salinization?

Soil infertility due to salt accumulation from irrigation.

What is Deforestation?

Destruction of forest areas.

Define GMOs (Genetically Modified Organisms).

Living organisms with altered genetic material via biotechnology.

What does Organic Farming entail?

Farming using only naturally occurring substances.

What are Herbicides/Pesticides?

Chemicals used to eliminate unwanted plants and pests.

What does Fallow land mean?

Cultivated land not seeded for a growing season.

What signifies Multi-Cropping?

Using fields several times a year without leaving them fallow.

What is Conservation Tillage?

A method that reduces soil erosion by leaving crop residue.

What does No Tillage mean in farming practice?

Undisturbed soil with untouched crop residue from previous seasons.

What is Ridge Tillage?

Planting crops on raised ridges.

Define Intertillage.

Cultivating between rows of crops.

What is Urban Farming?

Cultivation of food in urban areas often using small plots.