Halacha Schoolwide 25-26 Tri 1

How many people does one need in order to say something that is considered דָבָר שֶׁבִּקדּושָׁה?

10

Explain why a יחיד cannot say י"ג מדות alone. (סעיף מו)

They are a דָבָר שֶׁבִּקדּושָׁה

How can a יחיד recite the י"ג מדות?

With טעמים as if he is reading פסוקים from the Torah.

Explain the term: כָּל פָּסוּק דְלֹא פַּסְקֵיה מֹשֶׁה אַנַן לֹא פַּסְקִינָן.

Any פסוק that משה did not break we cannot break. Meaning, one is not allowed to recite half of a פסוק.

What problem arises when one recites the י”ג מדות without a minyan (even when reciting them with טעמים)?

From נצר חסד to ונקה is a half פסוק. Therefore, if one would stop after ונקה he would be violating: כָּל פָּסוּק דְלֹא פַּסְקֵיה מֹשֶׁה אַנַן לֹא פַּסְקִינָן

Is one allowed to stop after “ונקה”? Why? (footnote 30)

This is a מחלוקת . However, the opinion of חכם עובדיה יוסף זצ”ל is that a יחיד can stop after ונקה since he is also saying the פסוקים as a prayer.

Explain the term התרת נדרים.

Absolving an oath.

When do we do התרת נדרים?

ערב ראש השנה. The Syrian custom is to do התרת נדרים three times: 40 days before ראש השנה, prior to ראש השנה and prior to יום הכפורים.

Who is recommended to perform the התרת נדרים?

The general Sefardic custom is to have 10 תלמידי חכמים to nullify the nedarim. Some Sefardic communities use 3 men. אשכנזים use 3 men and are not strict about using תלמידי חכמים.

When and where do ספרדים start saying ד’ הוא אלוקים?

From ראש השנה to יום הכפורים, before ד’ מלך.

What do אשכנזים and ספרדים say after ישתבח during עשרת ימי תשובה?

שיר המעלות

What are the four additions/changes that the גאונים instituted to say in the עמידה during עשרת ימי תשובה?

זכרנו לחיים מי כמוך וכתוב לחיים טובים ובספר חיים ברכה ושלום

What is the הלכה if one forgot to say זכרנו לחיים or מי כמוך during עשרת ימי תשובה?

If one remembered after he said HaShem’s name of the ברכה he should not go back. If one forgot זכרנו לחיים he can add it in at שמע קולנו as a request. One cannot say מי כמוך in שמע קולנו because it’s not a request.

When do we start saying המלך הקדוש and המלך המשפט?

During עשרת ימי תשובה

Explain the term תוך כדי דבור.

While one is still speaking which is the time it takes to say שלום עליך רביa(1-2.5 seconds).

What is the הלכה if one forgot to say המלך הקדוש during עשרת ימי תשובה?

He must start the עמידה over from the beginning.

Explain why in the above case one cannot just go back to the ברכה of אתה קדוש?

The first three ברכות of the עמידה are considered one halakhik unit of God’s praise. Therefore, if someone makes an error in any of the ברכות he must start from the beginning in order to produce a proper unit of ברכות.

When is one allowed to correct his mistake and say המלך הקדוש after saying הקל הקדוש?

If he corrected his mistake תוך כדי דיבור of saying הקל הקדוש.

What is the הלכה if one is not sure if he said המלך הקדוש during עשרת ימי תשובה ,ראש השנה and weekdays?

Weekdays: One must start from the beginning of the עמידה because we assume the person said the text that he is most familiar with. ראש השנה and יום הכפורים - We assume he said המלך הקדוש since we are not reciting the standard text for אתה קדוש.

What is the הלכה if a ספרדי forgot to say המלך המשפט during עשרת ימי תשובה?

If one remembered תוך כדי דבור he can fix his mistake by saying המלך המשפט. If one remembered after תוך כדי דבור he must go back to השיבה שופטינו

How do אשכנזים and some ספרדים/Syrians differ from the above הלכה?a(שו”ע סימן קי”ח)

They hold not to go back since they used the word מלך in the ברכה by saying מלך אוהב צדקה ומשפט.

According to the רמב”ם: what is the custom of בני ישראל during עשרת ימי תשובה?

Giving more צדקה, performing more good deeds, devoting more time to Torah study and rising while it is still night time to recite סליחות.

What additional customs does the שולחן ערוך mention regarding עשרת ימי תשובה?

To eat פת ישראל.

Where does the תורה tell us that we must afflict ourselves on יום הכפורים?

שַׁבַּת שַׁבָּתוֹן הוּא לָכֶם וְעִנִּיתֶם אֶת־נַפְשֹׁתֵיכֶם בְּתִשְׁעָה לַחֹדֶשׁ בָּעֶרֶב מֵעֶרֶב עַד־עֶרֶב תִּשְׁבְּתוּ שַׁבַּתְּכֶם

What are the five עינויים that must be observed on יום הכפורים?

Eating or drinking Rubbing the skin with oil Bathing Wearing leather shoes Engaging in marital relations

For which two עבירות will one incur כרת?

מלאכה and Eating/drinking

Are the four ענוים (besides Eating and drinking) prohibited מדרבנן or מדאורייתא?

מחלוקת: According to the רמב”ם and other ראשונים they are דאורייתא . According to most פוסקים they are דרבנן. The halakha follows this opinion.

Is there any difference between which מלאכות are prohibited on שבת vs. יום הכפורים?

No. However, there is a difference with the punishment. On שבת there is a capital punishment when one is warned by two witnesses, whereas on יום הכפורים one will get כרת.

Do the laws of מוקצה apply on יום הכפורים?

Yes

Define תשמישי קדושה.

Items that have God’s Name written in them or items that are used with an item that has God’s name in them e.g. תפילין straps.

Define תשמישי מצוה.

Items that are used for a מצוה e.g. סוכה, לולב and שופר.

How does one discard תשמישי קדושה?

Depositing it in גניזה.

Is one allowed to take an item that was used for a ספר תורה and use it now in a way to honor תפילין? Why?

No, because by doing so one is lowering the level of קדושה.

Is one allowed to discard תשמישי מצוה?

Yes, as long as he does not plan on using them for the מצוה.

What is a קרבן חגיגה?

This is one of the three קרבנות that men need to bring on the first day of the holiday. The קרבן חגיגה is a קרבן שלמים.

What do we learn out from the Pasuk: חג הסכות תעשה לך שבעת ימים?

That just as the קרבן חגיגה is consecrated with the name of God so too the סוכה is consecrated with the name of God. Therefore, the סוכה is מוקצה all seven days.

What is the status of Sukkah decorations during Sukkot?

They are halakhikly designated (מוקצה) for the מצוה of Sukkot. Therefore, one is not allowed to use them (during the week of Sukkot) for any other purpose.

Is one allowed to use Sukkot decorations for something else if it fell down during Sukkot and is no longer fit for decorations?

No

Translate the Pasuk: זה קלי ואנוהו.

This is my God and I will do beautiful things for Him.

How does the above פסוק express itself in הלכה?

One should buy a beautiful pair of תפילין, שופר,ציצית and decorate his סוכה.

What should one be careful about when hanging decorations from the סכך?

They should be within (12.5 inches) four טפחים of the סכך.

Does the same rule apply for paper chain decorations?

Yes, however, if the chain drops below four טפחים the Sukkah is still כשר.

Explain the term הלכה למשה מסיני.

A הלכה that was taught by משה that has no source in the תורה שבכתב.

What is the source that women are exempt from the מצוה of סוכה?

הלכה למשה מסיני

Explain the term: גדול המצוה ועושה ממי שאינו מצוה ועושה

Greater is the reward for one who performs a מצוה and is obligated in it, than one who performs a מצוה and is not obligated in it.

Do women get rewarded for dwelling in the סוכה?

Yes, but not as great as men who are obligated in it.

Do Sefardic women recite לישב בסוכה when eating in the סוכה?

No

What is the Ashkenazik custom for women when eating in the סוכה?

To recite לישב בסוכה

Define הפסק:

An interruption

According to the ילקוט יוסף: Should Sefardic women respond אמן to the ברכה of לישב בסוכה? Explain.

Yes, except by קדוש where should just think of אמן in her mind. Since women are exempt from this ברכה answering אמן would be a הפסק between drinking the wine of קדוש and the ברכה of בורא פרי הגפן.

What should a Sephardic woman do if she accidentally answered אמן to לישב בסוכה by קידוש?

It’s better that she doesn’t drink from the wine.

Should Ashkenazik women respond אמן to the ברכה of לישב בסוכה? Explain.

Yes, this will not be a הפסק for them since אשכנזיות recite לישב בסוכה when eating in the סוכה.

At what age does one need to educate his children to eat in the סוכה?

When they no longer need the constant presence of their mother.

Can women give children who are obligated in the סוכה food to eat outside the סוכה? Why?

No. One cannot help someone violate a מצוה.

Explain the term מצטער פטור מן הסוכה.

If someone is in pain/uncomfortable he is exempt from eating in the סוכה.

Does one need to eat in the Sukkah if it’s raining in the Sukkah?

No, since he is מצטער and he is exempt because of the rule מצטער פטור מן הסוכה.

Does one need to eat in the Sukkah on the first night of Sukkot if it’s raining?

This is a מחלוקת. Some hold one is exempt because of the rule of מצטער פטור מן הסוכה and some hold that on the first night one is obligated to eat a כזית in the Sukkah even in the rain.

Define סעודת קבע.

Bread/cake more than the volume of a ביצה (about 1.8 oz.)

Define אכילת עראי

Bread/cake up to the volume of a ביצה (about 1.8 oz.), fruits and vegetables and non-alcoholic beverages.

What is one not allowed to eat outside the סוכה?

אכילת קבע

What ברכה do men need to say when eating אכילת קבע in the סוכה?

ברוך אתה ד' אלוקינו מלך העולם אשר קדשנו במצותיו וצונו לישב בסוכה

What should one do if he only intended to eat a small amount of bread (under a כביצה) in the סוכה (so he did not recite לישב בסוכה) and then changed his mind to eat more bread (which now adds up to more than a כביצה) in the סוכה?

He should recite a לישב בסוכה if all the food that ate will add up to a סעודת קבע.

Does rice count towards the amount that is needed for סעודת קבע?

No

What is the definition of גוֹזֵז?

severing or uprooting of any growing part of the body of any creature.

Give two practical examples of גוזז. (Yalkut Yosef)

Cutting one’s hair or nails on שבת.

Explain why pulling out one white hair is אסור משום גוזז but one needs to cut two black hairs to violate גוזז (and bring a קרבן חטאת if it was done on purpose).

Pulling out a white hair is a different violation of לא ילבש גבר שמלת אשה, whereas cutting black hairs is a violation of גוזז and the שעור is two. (However, pulling out one black hair is still אסור because of חצי שעור). Also, pulling out a white hair will be a violation of גוזז since people will pull out even one white hair to make them look young. This will render the action as a complete מלאכה.

Explain the term פסיק רישיה.

Doing an action that will definitely cause a side effect, e.g. opening a refrigerator door which will cause the light to illuminate.

Explain the term פסיק רישיה דלא ניחא ליה.

Doing an action that will definitely cause an undesired side effect.

Is פסיק רישיה דלא נִיחָא ליה permitted or prohibited by a מלאכה דרבנן?

Permitted

Based on the above is one allowed to pull off a bandaid if it will result in pulling out hairs?

Yes, because pulling out hair by hand is אסור מדרבנן, and one does not enjoy the pain of his hair getting pulled out. This would make it a פסיק רישא דלא ניחא ליה by a דרבנן, which is מותר.

Explain why in the above case pulling out the hairs is אסור מדרבנן?

Since one is not using the proper instrument for pulling out the hairs this makes the prohibition אסור מדרבנן.

What is the definition of מלאכת מְלַבֵּן?

Cleansing of absorbent materials that have absorbed soil, grime, or other impurities.

Is one allowed to ring out a towel that has water in it?

No this will be a תולדה of מלבן.

Is one allowed to pour water on a garment in order to remove the stain? Why?

No, because this is מלבן.

Is one allowed to rub (with his hand) the soil away from his garment?

Yes, as long as one brushes the garment by hand and does not rub the garment too hard.

Is one allowed to remove dust from one’s hat or coat on Shabbat?

The ילקוט יוסף holds that it is better to clean off the dust with a שנוי. Ashkenazim follow the opinion of the רמ”א who holds one cannot remove the dust. However, one can ask a גוי to remove the dust.

Does one need to rebuke his fellow Jew if he folds his טלית on the creases on Shabbat?

No, since they have what to rely on.

How should one fold his טלית on Shabbat? (ילקוט יוסף ומ”ב)

Not on the pressed lines.

What is the definition of מנפץ?

Separating wool or fibers to prepare them for dyeing or spinning.

In what state is the wool in after it’s been sheared from the animal

Solid mass

What is the literal translation of the word מנפץ mean? (ונפוצותינו כנס מירכתי ארץ)

Spread out.

How many ways are there to accomplish מנפץ?

3

What is the first way to accomplish מנפץ?

beating the wool with a stick.

What is the second way to accomplish מנפץ?

separating the wool with your fingers.

What is the third way to accomplish מנפץ?

Combing. Raw wool is placed on an iron toothed comb and combed out.

What is the definition of צובע?

Dyeing/coloring

Where did they do צובע in the משכן?

צובע was needed for manufacturing the יריעות, the special curtains and tapestries of the משכן. It was also necessary for coloring the rams hides used for covering the משכן.

Explain the difference between צובע מדאורייתא and צובע מדרבנן.

צובע מדאורייתא is when the dyeing is permanent and צובע מדרבנן is when the dyeing is temporary.

Is a woman allowed to apply lipstick/nail polish/make-up/powder to her face on Shabbat? Explain.

Only a powder that is not mixed with oils, since this powder does not get absorbed. (Regarding ממרח see Hebrew-English Yalkut Yosef volume 2 page 65).

Does צובע apply to food?

According to the שולחן ערוך סימן ש”כ סעיף י”ט and most poskim it does not. (However, there are פוסקים that maintain that it does).

What is the definition of טווה?

Twisting hairs or fibers into a continuous thread, or the twining of thin strands into a yarn.

Where did they do טויה in the Mishkan?

They spun תכלת, ארגמן ותולעת שני and a linen thread to create a thicker four-ply thread.

How long does the thread need to be in order to violate טווה מדאורייתא that would result in a קרבן חטאת?

4 טפחים

Give an example of fibers/strings that one is not allowed to spin on Shabbat?

Spinning wool, linen, [camel] hair, goat's hair, animal sinews, and any other fibers of this nature.

Does it matter if one spins fibers by hand or by machine?

No.

What is מיסך?

מיסך - warping, the process of arranging and aligning the vertical half of the threads to enable the weaver to pass a line of thread horizontally over and under them, thereby creating a woven fabric.

Explain the meaning of עושה בתי נרין.

Creating loops on every alternative thread in order to separate the odd threads from the even ones. By doing this, one can pass the shuttle through the threads in a very easy way, creating a woven fabric.

Is one allowed to make a sifter or a basket on Shabbat?

No, this is a תולדה of עושה בתי נירין.

Define אורג.

Passing the weft, the horizontal thread (under, over) through the vertical warp threads, thereby completing the creation of a fabric.

Besides garments, where else does אורג apply?

Weaving baskets.