psych 101 quiz

what term describes the philosophical position that that heredity provides individuals with inborn knowledge and abilities?

nativism

whats name is given to the psychological viewpoint that rejects the study of mental processes in favor of the study of observable behavior?

behaviorism

psychology is a science because of ______

the scientific method

a famous tenet of ___ asserts that “the whole is different from the sum of it parts”

Gesalt psychology

John Waston would evaluate a person’s level of thirst by___

observing and measuring how much the person actually drank

what is structuralism?

understanding the structure and characteristics of the mind through introspection; analyzing the structure of the mind

what is functionalism?

how mental activities contributed to basic environmental survival; studying the functions of the mind

what is gesalt psychology?

claims we perecieve and think about wholes rather than combinations of individual elements

what is psychoanalysis?

emphasizes on the importance of unconscious causes of behavior

what is behaviorism?

study of overt behavior and observable behavior

who is under structuralism?

William Wundt

who is under functionalism?

William James

who was under psychoanalysis?

Sigmund Freud

who was under Gesalt psychology?

Max Werthimer

who is under behaviorism?

John B. Watson

what is the humanistic perspective?

the proper subject matter of psychology is the individual’s subjective mental experience of the world; people have free will

who is under the humanistic perspective?

Abraham Maslow

what is introspection?

process by which someone examines their own conscious experience in an attempt to break into a component part

what is determinism?

the assumption that every event has physical, potentially measurable, causes; everything we do has a cause

what is the biopsychological perspective?

stresses the relationship of physiological factors to behavior and cognitive processes

what is the socialcultural perspective?

favors the scientific study of human behavior in a socialcultural context

what is skepticism?

an attitude that doubts all claims not supported by solid research evidence

________ is the greatest indicator/predictor of future behavior

past behavior

what is the largest field of professional specialization in psychology?

clinical/counseling psych

what is empiricism?

philosophical position that true knowledge comes through the senses

what is the primary problem when we accept the assumptions of science and apply them to psychology?

science must reject free will to favor of determinism which is offensive to our way of thinking

what is a independent variable

a variable being controlled by the experimenter

what is a dependent variable

a variable being represented by the data collected to see if there has been an effect

what method of science did sigmund freud built his psychoanalytic theory employing exclusively?

case studies

who was the first psychologist in the world?

Wilhelm Wundt

what is correlational studies?

association between two variables expressed as a coefficient between -1.00 and 1.00

what is experimental research?

designed to establish causal relationship between variables

what is independent variables?

the factor that a researcher manipulates or changes in an experiment

what is dependent variables?

the factor in an experiment that is measured to see how it changes

what is confounding variables?

an uncontrolled variable that influences the other variables making it difficult to determine the true effect of the independent variable and leading to inaccurate conclusions

what is mindfulness?

we pay attention to what were paying attention to

consider the brain a very complex organ of the body that ______

enables behavior

why is replication essential?

to increase confidence in validity of a finding

what is internal validity?

how well a study was designed/carried out in order to rule influences on the dependent variable

what is quintessential science?

scientific method to conduct systematic, empirical research into the mind and behavior

what is a example of quintessential science?

clinical trials

what is a genotype?

genetic inheritance; set of genes you carry

what is a phenotype?

outward expression of your genetic inheritance; how traits show up in your appearance/behavior

genotype is _______

underlying genetic code

phenotype is ________

observable traits

why doesn’t the fact that relatives are more alike than non-relatives prove that genes are the only reason for those similarities?

relatives look/act more alike not just because of DNA but because of their environment as well

what is the biopsychosocial model?

an approach that attempts to solve the Nature v Nuture problem by recognizing they both are necessary

what is the nervous system?

the chief of communication within the body

what is the central nervous system?

the brain and spinal cord

what is a reflex?

an automatic, involuntary motor response to sensory stimulation

what is the peripheral nervous system?

contains nerves that communicate between the CNS and the sensory organs, skeletal muscles, and internal bodily organs

what is the somatic nervous system?

includes sensory nerves that sends messages from the sensory organs to the CNS, and motor nerves that sends messages from the CNS to the skeletal muscles

what are sensory neurons?

sends messages from sensor neurons to CNS

what are motor neurons?

sends messages from CNS to muscles

what are glial cells?

physical support structures for neurons

what are interneurons?

conveys messages between neurons in the brain and spinal cord

what is synaptic transmission?

communication across gaps in neurons

what is a synapse?

junction between a neuron and a gland, muscle, sensory organ, or another neuron

what are endorphins?

reduces pain and increases euphoria

there is no support for that chemical or biochemical imbalance theory of ________

"what causes a mental illness!”

what is a brain stem?

group of brain structures that provide life supporting functions

what is the medulla?

regulates breathing, heart rate, and blood pressure

what are the pons?

regulates sleep-wake cycle

what is the cerebellum?

controls timing of well-learned movements

what is reticular formation?

helps maintain vigilance and brain arousal

what is the amygdala?

evaluates info from the immediate environment

what is the hippocampus?

contributes to the formation of memories

what are the four lobes?

frontal, temporal, parietal, and occipital