Philippine history Flashcards

A set of flashcards to help you study your Philippine History Lecture Notes

Historia

Knowledge acquired through inquiry or investigation.

Historia (Latin)

Account of the past of a person or a group of people through written documents and historical evidences.

Uses of History

Provides a source of personal and social identity; Helps us understand the problems of the present; Corrects misleading analogies and “lessons” of the past; Helps one develop tolerance and open-mindedness; Helps us better understand all human behaviors and all aspects of the human condition; Provides the basic background for many disciplines; Can be a source of entertainment; Teaches many critical skills.

“no document, no history”

Unless a written document can prove a certain historical event, then it cannot be considered as a historical fact.

History

A documented record of man and his society.

History (field of study)

A study of man and his achievements from the beginning of written records to the present.

History (literary form)

An effective presentation of the unfolding events; falls under non-fiction work.

Social history

A record of events showing the evolution of man and his society from the earliest and from the age of barbarism to what he is today.

Primary Sources

Historical sources produced at the same time as the event, period, or subject being studied.

Secondary Sources

Historical sources produced by an author who used primary sources to produce the material.

External Criticism

Verifying the authenticity of evidence by examining its physical characteristics, consistency with the historical characteristic of the time when it was produced, and the materials used for the evidence.

Internal Criticism

Examination of the truthfulness of the evidence, looking at the content of the source and examining the circumstance of its production.

Code of Kalantiaw

A set of rules contained in an epic, Maragtas, which was allegedly written by a certain Datu Kalantiaw but debunked due to anachronism and lack of evidence.

Pantayong Pananaw

For us-to-us perspective; highlights the importance of facilitating an internal conversation and discourse among Filipinos about our own history, using the language that is understood by everyone.

External criticism

Examines the authenticity of the document or the evidence being used.

Internal criticism

Examines the truthfulness of the content of the evidence.

Kartilya ng Katipunan original title Manga [sic] Aral Nang [sic] Katipunan ng mga A.N.B.

Lessons of the Organization of the Sons of Country

Kataastaasan, Kagalanggalangang Katipunan ng mga Anak ng Bayan (KKK)

Envisioned a united Filipino nation that would revolt against the Spaniards for the total independence of the country from Spain.

Kartilya ng Katipunan

The Katipunan's code of conduct; contains fourteen rules that instruct the way a Katipunero should behave and which specific values should he uphold.

Datu Bendehara Kalantiaw

Established his government in the peninsula of Batang, Aklan Sakup and promulgated in about 1433 penal code containing 18 articles.

History (Geoffrey Barraclough)

The attempt to discover, on the basis of fragmentary evidence, the significant things about the past.

Code of Kalantiaw

A mythical legal code in the epic history Maragtas, which was proven hoax revealed by William Henry Scott.

Multiperspectivity

A way of looking at historical events, personalities, developments, cultures, and societies from different perspectives.

Age of Exploration

A period of competition among European rulers to conquer and colonize lands outside their original domains.

Cavite Mutiny (Spanish accounts)

An attempt in overthrowing the Spanish government in the Philippines.

GOMBURZA

Collective name of the three martyred priests Mariano Gomez, Jose Burgos, and Jacinto Zamora, Who were tagged as the masterminds of the Cavite Mutiny.

1872

A historic year of two events: the Cavite Mutiny and the martyrdom of the three priests: Mariano Gomez, Jose Burgos, and Jacinto Zamora, later on immortalized as GOMBURZA.

El Grito de Rebelion

There were an event when Bonifacio tore the cedula or tax receipt before the Katipuneros who also did the same.

Encomienda

A system of organizing territories to be under the care of an Encomendero and administrative unit for the purpose of exacting tributes from the natives.

Tributor

Levying of tax to all Filipinos aged 19-60 except government employees, soldiers with distinguished services, decendants of Lakandula and some few native chieftains, choir members, sacristans, porters of the church, and government witnesses.

Polo Y Servicio

Colonial policy that obliged male natives aged 16-60 except chieftains and their eldest son to serve 40 days each year in labor pools.

Bandala

Policy meant to augment the finances of the colonial government that required the compulsory sale of products to the government; farmers were not paid at all of their produce and were given promissory notes.

Divide and Rule

Military strategy utilized by the Spaniards against the natives used as native mercenaries were against other groups beef op limited military contingency of the Spaniards.

US Policy of President Mckinley

A policy for the Philippines that the Philippines are theirs not to exploit but to develop, to civilize, to educate, and to train in the science of self-government.

Jones Law (1916)

That promised independence as soon as a stable form of government could be established by them

Tydings-McDuffie Act (1934)

That provided authority and defined mechanisms for the establishment of a formal constitution by a constitutional convention.

Manuel L. Quezon's inaugural address

Stressing the historic statement which goes, “he would rather have a government run like hell by Filipinos rather than a government run like heaven by the Americans.”

Tagalog

The Philippines’ national language.

Underwood-Simons Tariff Act (1913)

Facilitated the opening of ports all over the country,Philippine export products were free to enter American ports within quota limits while American products could enter Philippine ports without paying duty taxes to the Philippines and without quota limits

Military Order no.2

Issued on February 2, 1942 that imposed Japanese policy on education, incucalt Japanese culture; promote the dissemination of the principle of Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere, spiritual rejuvenation.

Constitution

A set of fundamental principles or established precedents according to which a state or other organization is governed.

Constitution of Biak-na-Bato (1897)

The provisionary Constitution of the Philippine Republic during the Philippine Revolution.

Malolos Constitution (1899)

Had 39 articles divided into 14 titles, with eight articles of transitory provisions, and a final additional article patterned after the Spanish Constitution of 1812.

Philippine Organic Act of 1902

Provided for the creation of a popularly elected Philippine Assembly.

Philippine Autonomy Act of 1916

Modified the structure of the Philippine government through the removal of the Philippine Commission.

Tydings-McDuffie Act

Provided authority and defined mechanisms for the establishment of a formal constitution by a constitutional convention.

Commonwealth of the Philippines

An administrative body that governed the Philippines from 1935 to 1946.

Presidential Decree No. 73

Set the date of the plebiscite to ratify or reject the proposed constitution on 30 November 1973.

Freedom Constitution (1986)

Transitional constitution that maintained many provisions of the old one, including in rewritten form the presidential right to rule by decree.

Senate

The 24 senators are elected at large by popular vote, and can serve no more than two consecutive six year terms.

House of Representatives

Composed of district representatives representing a particular geographic area, are elected to serve three-year terms, Created a party-list syatem to provide spaces for the participation of under-representedcommunity sectors or groups

Section 30 (CARPER)

Any case and/or proceedings involving the implementation of the provisions of CARP, as amended, which may remain pending on 30 June 2014.

Landownership under Spain

A system of pueblo agriculture, where rural communities, often dispersed and scattered in nature, were organized into apueblo and given land to cultivate.

pueblo agriculture

rural communities, often dispersed and scattered in nature, were organized into a pueblo.

tracts of land

These lands were given to (1) religious orders; 2) repartamientos for Spanish military as reward for their service; and (3) Spanish encomenderos, those mandated to manage the encomienda or the lands given to them

compras y vandalas

Filipino farmers working the land were made to sell their products at very low price or surrender their products to the encomenderos, who resold this as a profit and we Also required to render services to the encomenderos that were unrelated to farming.

communal ownership

Filipino communities organized in small settlements in the archipelago lost communal ownership of land.

Philippne Bill of 1902

Provided regulations on the disposal of public lands where A private individual may own 16 hectares of land while corporate landholders may have 1,024 hectares.

Land Registration Act (Act No. 496)

Introduced the Torrens system to address the absence of earlier records of issued land titles and conduct accurate land surveys.

homestead program (1903)

Introduced allowing a tenant to enter into an agricultural business by acquiring a farm of at least 16 hectares but was limited to areas in Northern Luzon and Mindanao.

President Quezon's social justice program

Laid down asocial justice program focused on the purchase of haciendas, which were to be divided and sold to tenants; also created the National Rice and Corn Corporation (NARIC) to assign public defenders to assist peasants in court battles for ther rights to the land.

Land Settlement Development Corporation (LASEDECO)

Accelerated and the resettlement program for peasants.

National Resettlement and Rehabilitation Administration (NARRA)

Accelerated the government's resettlement program and distribution of agricultural lands to landless tenants and farmers; aimed to convince members of the Huks, a movement of rebels in Central Luzon to resettle in areas where they could restart their lives as peaceful citizens.

Agricultural Tenancy Act (RA No. 1199)

Governed the relationship between landholders and tenant farmers, protecting the tenurial rights of tenants and enforced tenancy practices.

Agricultural Land Reform Code (RA No. 3844)

Abolished share tenancy in the Philippines and prescribed a program to convert tenant-farmers to lessees and later on owner-cultivators.

Code of Agrarian Reform of the Philippines (Presidential Decree No. 27)

Applied to tenant farmers of private agricultural lands primarily devoted to rice and corn under a system of sharecrop or lease-tenancy.

Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Law (RA No. 6657)

Enabled the redistribution of agricultural lands to tenant-farmers from landowners, who were paid in exchange by the government through just compensation and allowed them to retain not more than have hectares

Republic Act No. 8532

Signed in 1998 to amend CARL and extend the program to another ten years.

Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Program Extension with Reforms (CARPER) (RA No. 9700)

extended the deadline to five more years where Any case and/or proceedings involving the implementation of the provisions of CARP, as amended, which may remain pending on 30 June 2014 shall be allowed to proceed to its finality and executed even beyond such date.

Maclining Dulag

April 24, 1980 also known as “Cordillera Day” Macli-ing Dulag was a respected elder of the Butbut tribe in the tiny mountain village of Bugnay in the 1960s, was murdered by government soldiers and His assassination merely solidified opposition to the dam and won it sympathizers from all over the country and even abroad.

COVID 19

The World Health Organization to declare this as a pandemic in December 2019 with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) .