Experimental Psychology

What is included in the Title Page of a reflection Paper

1. Title

2. Author

3. Affiliation (UW-Platteville)

4. Running Head

5. Paper Number

What is the purpose of the methods page?

To give people the information necessary to replicate our study.

What is included in the methods page?

1. Ingredients 

   1. Participants 

   2. Age 

   3. Gender 

   4. How many people we have

   5. How they were recruited 

2. Materials 

   1. Either describe, draw, or include pic 

3. Apparatus

   1. Describe, draw, or include pic

4. Procedure

   1. Complete a baseline test, time first trial..

5. Design and Analysis

Whats included in the Design and Analysis Page? 

1. How many IVs 

2. What are the levels 

3. Between or within subject 

4. What are the Dependent Variables 

What is the design? 

What is the Analysis? 

What is included in the Results page?

1. Is our data normal or skewed.

2. Report Mean and Standard Dev.

3. Meaningful effect = significant

4. Infernital stats: two-sides P

What is internal Validity

Are we measuring what we think we are measuring?

What is the Extraneous Variable?

Anything that is not the IV or DV = most extraneous variable but not all are confounds

What are Confounds?

All confounds are extraneous variable but not all extraneous variables are confounds.

What are some factors that could be impacting our DV in an inflated or suppressed way outside of the IV?

Push- a pull between external and internal validity

What is a push

Pull between external and internal validity.

If we increase our internal validity, that can lead to a decrease of external validity.

What are experimenter attributes?

Experimenters have different attributes that could influence the answers or results.

Theron and Abby are interviewing students on feelings toward the overturn of Roe V. Wade. Theron only interviews males and Abby only interviews women, and they get different results. Why is this problematic? How can we address this?

Because the results could be extremely varying from the different experimenter attributes. Keep the confound influence the same all across the board, confound influence standard across all groups.

One experimenter

Send out a survey

What is the Experimenter Expectancy 

The experimenter knows something 

A detective runs his own lineup for a suspect I.D, what is wrong with this? How do we prevent this?

Experimenter Expectancy: More likely to get a positive hit because the detective knows who the suspect is and may have a reaction. Double-Blind Study

What is a Positive Self-Presentation

People hold and think of themselves more positively.

Why can’t you ask someone “Rate 1-10 how racist you are”?

1. Because people will most likely not give honest answers, they don’t think of themselves as racist, you won’t get valid results.

Why should we protect the participant.

Protect them from shame and judgement, because if they feel these things they won’t be honest.

How can we get more honest anwsers?

Ask people what they think the majority would do

What is the History Effect

When there is a wide range from two studies, a lot of time has passed.

What is the Maturation Effect?

When people get better at things, learn something new.

what is counter balancing?

a research method used to control for order effects, fatigue or practice, where participants experience all conditions

What is the Latin-Sqaure?

Test 1. Test 2 Test 3

Test 2 Test 3 Test 1

Test 3 Test 1. Test 2

What is the Carry-over Effect 

When the influence of one treatment affects a participant 

What is Selection Bias?

They may already be different before we are doing whatever we are doing.

What is random assignment?

We use to combat this

Do not let participants group themselves

What are Predetermined IVs?

if you have pre-determined IVs then you may have Quasi-Experimental Design 

Loose Protocol

Everything needs to be standardized and the same, everything out side of manipulation

What is the regression to the mean

If a result is really high or low, it will be closer to the average the next time.

What is morality? 

When people drop out of the study 

You get a DUI and get a court order to go to therapy and get evaluated if you have a alcohol problem. What is the type 1 and type 2 error? What is the Alternative and Null Hypothesis?

The type 1 error is a false positive- significance, You send someone to therapy, but they don’t acutally need it

Type 2 error- You don’t send someone to therapy but they need it.

Correct for both(alcohol needs treatment):1-Beta 

Correct for both (no alcohol, no treatment)

1. Alternative Hypothesis: Ha u1 not equal u2 (xbar 1 not equal to xbar2)

2. Null Hypothesis: Ho:u1 = u2 (xbar 1 =x bar 2)

What is the Stroop Effect?

When you show kids shapes with the color and shape and ask them to define it.

What is a schema? 

An ordering of things, ex: Sexual behavior: British vs America 

• British-kissing big deal 

• vs. America, not a big deal

When is the p significant or not signifcant?

1. Significant- when the p is below <.05

2. Not Significant- when the p is greater than >.05

How can we increase power?

1. Increase the Effect Size

   1. x-bar - x bar2= Effect size

   2. More sensitive DV, increase construct validity

   3. Stronger IV

2. Make the Standard Dev smaller

What is subject or participant sophistification? 

What if despite to double blind our efforts to single-blind them they still figure it out? 

Experimenters cant’ do basic stuff they may already know.