Lesson 5 - Chemical Nomenclature of Inorganic Compounds and Chemical Equaitons

Molecule

An aggregate of two or more atoms in a definite arrangement held together by chemical forces.

Diatomic Molecule

It only contains only two atoms.(H2, N2, O2, Br2, HCl, CO)

Polyatomic Molecule

It contains more than two atoms (O3, H2O, NH3, CH4).

Ion

It is an atom, or group of atoms, that has a net positive or negative charge.

Cation

Ion with a positive charge. If a neutral atom loses one or more electrons it becomes this.

Na = 11 Protons & Electrons

Na+ = 11 Protons, 10 Electrons

Anion

Ion with a negative charge. If a neutral atom gains one or more electron, it becomes this.

Cl = 17 Protons & Electrons

Cl = 17 Protons, 18 Electrons

Monatomic Ion

Contains only one atom.

Na+, Cl-, Ca2+, O2-, Al3+, N3-

Monatomic Ion

Contains only one atom.

OH-, CN-, NH4+, NO3-

Molecular Formula

It shows the exact number of atoms of each element in the smallest unit of a substance.

Empirical Formula

It shows the simplest whole-number ratio of the atoms in a substance.

Ionic compounds

These consist of a combination of cations and an anions.

• The formula is always the same as the empirical formula.

• The sum of the charges on the cation(s) and anion(s) in each formula unit must equal zero.

• Metal + Nonmetal (Ide to element name)