aice hist

What is extremism?

the holding of extreme political or religious views that may advocate for radical change or violence to achieve their goals.

What is fascism?

a far-right authoritarian ultranationalist political ideology characterized by dictatorial power, forcible suppression of opposition, and strong regimentation of society and the economy.

What is a dictator?

a political leader who wields absolute power and authority, often ruling without the consent of the governed.

What is communism?

a political and economic ideology advocating for a classless society in which all property is publicly owned and each person works and is paid according to their abilities and needs.

What is socialism?

an economic and political system where the means of production are owned or regulated by the community as a whole, aiming for social equality.

What is capitalism?

an economic system characterized by private ownership of the means of production and their operation for profit, with prices determined by competition in a free market.

What were two causes of the Great Depression?

the stock market crash of 1929 and bank failures that led to a loss of savings and consumer confidence.

How did the Great Depression help extremist ideologies grow?

The Great Depression created economic hardship and instability, leading people to seek radical solutions and support extremist ideologies that promised quick fixes and national rejuvenation.

How did the Depression influence Germany, Italy, and Japan differently?

In Germany, the Depression fueled support for Hitler and the Nazi Party; in Italy, it strengthened Mussolini's fascist regime; and in Japan, it led to increased militarism and expansionist policies.

How did Mussolini rise to power?

by exploiting economic unrest, using propaganda, and establishing a fascist party that promised to restore Italy's former glory.

What are the main beliefs of National Socialism?

emphasizes extreme nationalism, racial superiority, anti-communism, and the need for a strong, centralized government led by a dictator.

Why did nationalism grow in Japan after WWI?

feelings of resentment over the Treaty of Versailles, economic challenges, and a desire for expansion and recognition as a world power.

How did Hitler gain popularity in Germany?

by promising economic recovery, national pride, and the restoration of Germany's power, while blaming societal problems on scapegoats like Jews and communists.

What were Hitler's three major foreign policy aims?

to overturn the Treaty of Versailles, expand German territory (Lebensraum), and unite all German-speaking peoples.

Why did Hitler oppose the Treaty of Versailles?

it imposed harsh reparations and territorial losses on Germany, which he believed humiliated the nation and undermined its sovereignty.

What is Lebensraum?

Hitler's expansionist policy aimed at acquiring territory for the German people, particularly in Eastern Europe.

Why did Hitler leave the League of Nations?

in 1933 to pursue his aggressive foreign policy without international constraints and to demonstrate Germany's rejection of the post-WWI order.

What is the significance of the German-Polish Non-Aggression Pact?

signed in 1934, was significant as it temporarily eased tensions between Germany and Poland, allowing Hitler to focus on other expansionist goals.

How did the Anglo-German Naval Agreement help Germany?

allowed Germany to expand its navy to a size 35% of Britain's, providing legitimacy to its rearmament and boosting national pride.

Why was France unable to resist German aggression?

to political instability, a lack of strong leadership, and the belief that the Treaty of Versailles would prevent another war.

How did Britain respond to German actions?

Britain initially responded to German actions with appeasement, believing that satisfying some of Hitler's demands would prevent another large-scale conflict.

Why did the U.S. pass the Neutrality Act of 1935?

to avoid involvement in foreign conflicts and to prevent the nation from being drawn into another war like WWI.

What was the Remilitarization of the Rhineland?

in 1936 involved Germany sending troops into the demilitarized zone, violating the Treaty of Versailles and testing the resolve of France and Britain.

What factors led to the Anschluss with Austria?

included shared ethnic ties, economic pressures, and Hitler's desire to unify all German-speaking peoples under one Reich.

What was the Sudeten Crisis?

involved the demand for autonomy by ethnic Germans in Czechoslovakia, leading to increased tensions and the eventual Munich Agreement.

What was the Munich Agreement?

of 1938 allowed Germany to annex the Sudetenland in exchange for a promise of no further territorial expansion, which many historians view as a failed act of appeasement.

What happened when Germany invaded Czechoslovakia in 1939?

in 1939, it violated the Munich Agreement and demonstrated Hitler's expansionist ambitions, leading to increased tensions in Europe.

Why did Germany's invasion of Poland trigger WWII?

Germany's invasion of Poland on September 1, 1939, triggered WWII because it prompted Britain and France to declare war on Germany, honoring their commitments to defend Poland.

Who were the two sides in the Spanish Civil War?

were the Republicans, who supported the democratic government, and the Nationalists, led by Francisco Franco, who sought to establish a fascist regime.

How did foreign nations get involved in the Spanish Civil War?

by providing military support and resources; the Soviet Union aided the Republicans, while Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy supported the Nationalists.

What were the global consequences of the Spanish Civil War?

included increased tensions between fascist and communist ideologies, the rise of totalitarian regimes, and the testing of military strategies that would be used in WWII.