NFS100 - Exam 1
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178 Terms
Lymphatic System
Important for transporting fat soluble nutrients
Urinary System
Excretes excess water soluble vitamins
Vitamin D
Unique in the sense it’s a vitamin and a hormone
Chyme
Watery mixture of partially digested food that gets released by the stomach into the intestines
Bile
A substance that helps suspend fat in a watery mixture that males fat more available for digestion
Carbohydrates
Red blood cells and our brain get a lot of their energy from
Fiber
Is soluble and visous
Dietary Fiber
Are primarily polysaccharides
Cook them
To soften fibrous tissues and make them easier to chew, swallow, and digest you
mouth, pancreas, and small intestinew
Enzymes are made by what to participate in process of digestion
Salivary amylase
Breaks starch, such as Disaccharide, to smaller units, such as maltose, and prolongs chewing giving a sweeter taste sweeter taste
130g
The RDA of carbs for adults
45% to 65% of total Kcals
The Acceptable Macronutrients Distribution Range of carbs
Lipids
A diverse group of chemical compounds who’s main characteristic is that they do not readily dissolve in water
Lipids
Yields 9 kcals per gram
Lipids
Generic term that includes Triglycerides, Phospholipids, and Sterols
Triglycerides
Are three fatty acids bonded to glycerol
Fatty Acids
A long chain of carbons, flanked by hydrogen, that are bonded together
Alpha end of Fatty Acids
The acid group
Omega end of Fatty Acids
The methyl group
Fatty Acids
The simplest form of lipid
Saturated fatty acids
Solid at room temperature
Saturated fatty acids
More prevalent in foods of animal origin
Unsaturated fatty acids
Liquid at room temperature
Unsaturated fatty acids
More prevalent in foods of plant origin
Unsaturated fatty acids
Are either Cis or Trans
light, oxygen, or heat
Causes the breakdown of the double bonds of oil in unsaturated fatty acids
Water and oil (fat)
Do not mix easily
Lipoprotein
Transport vehicle for lipids in the blood
Lipoprotein
Has a shell of protein, phospholipids, and cholesterol
Chylomicron
Primarily Triglyceride, carries dietary fat from the small intestine to cells
VLDL
Primarily Triglyceride, carries lipids made and taken up by the liver to cells
LDL
Mainlt Cholesterol, carries cholesterol made by the liver and from other sources to cells
HDL
Primarily Protein, contributes to cholesterol removal from cells and, in turn excretion of it from the body
Total Fat
Has no RDA intake for adults
20% to 35% of kcal
Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range for fat
Saturated Fat
Limted to less than 10% of total calories by Dietary Guidelines
Saturated Fat
Recomend for 5% to 6% of intake for those at risk for or with cardiovascualr disease by the AHA
Saturated Fat
Typical intake is 12% of total calories
20–35% of total caloric intake
AMDR lipid limit for adults
Do not dissolve in water
General characteristic of lipids
Microproteins
Fats are packed in
Lipoprotein that transports fat after digestion
Triglyceride
45-65% of total calorie intake
AMDR for Carbs
130g
Miniumum amount of grams of carbs
Soluble
Type of fiber that helps to lower blood cholesterol
Liver
The organ that serves as a storage depot for vitamins and minerals
Bile
Makes fat more digestible
Lymphatic system
The system of the body responsible for transporting fat
Cell
The basic structural and functional component of life
Cell
Contains membranes, cytoplasm, and organelles
Tissues
Groups of similar cells that work together to accomplish a specialized task
Cardiovascular system
The heart, blood vessels, and blood
Cardiovascular system
Carries blood and regulates blood supply
Cardiovascular System
Transports nutrients, waster products, hormones, and gases throughout the body
Cardiovascular System
Regulates blood pressure
Lymphatic System
Lymph, lymphocytes, lymphatic vessels, abd lymph nodes
Lymphatic System
Removes foreign substances from blood and lymph
Lymphatic System
Maintains tissue fluid balance
Lymphatic System
Aids fat absorption
Immune System
White blood cells, lymph vessels and nodes, spleen, thymus gland, and other lymph tissues
Immune System
Provides defense against pathogens
Immune System
Formation of white blood cells
Urinary System
Kidneys, urinary bladder, and tge ducts that carry urine
Urinary System
Removes waste products from the blood and forms urine
Urinary System
Regulates blood acid-base (pH) balance, overall chemical balance, and water balance
Nervous System
Brain, spinal cord, nerves, and sensory receptors
Nervous System
Detects and interperts sensations
Nervous System
Controls movements, physiology, and intellectual functions
Endocrine System
Hypothalamus, pituitary gland, thyroid gland, thymus gland, pancreas, adrenal glands, and gonads (ovaries/testes for female/male)
Endocrine System
Regulates metabolism, growth, reproduction, and many other funtions by producing and releasing hormones
Digestive System
Mouth, esophagus, stomach, intestines, and accessory glands such as liver, gallbladder, and pancreas
Digestive System
Preforms the mechanical and chemical processes of digestion of food, absoption or nutrients, and elimination of wastes
Digestive System
Assists the immune system by destroying some pathogens and forming a barrier against foreign materials
Integumentary System
Skin, hair, nails, and sweat glands
Integumentary System
Protects the body
Integumentary System
Regulates body temperature
Integumentary System
Prevents water loss
Integumentary System
Produces vitamins D
Skeletal System
Bones, cartilage, ligaments, and joints
Skeletal System
Protects organs
Skeletal System
Support body weight
Skeletal System
Allows body movement
Skeletal System
Produces blood cells
Skeletal System
Stores minerals
Muscular System
Smooth, cardiac, and skeletal muscle
Muscular System
Produces body movement, heartbeat, and body heat
Muscular System
Propels food in digestive track
Muscular System
Maintains psoture
Respitarory System
Lungs and respitaroy passages
Respitarory System
Exchanges gases between blood and the air
Respitarory System
Regulates blood acid-base (pH) balance
Reproductive System
Gonads (oaveries/testes), genitals, and breasts
Reproductive System
Performs the processes of sexual maturation and reproduction
Reproductive System
Influences sexual functions and behaviors
Reproductive System
Produces human milk to nourish and infant
Catabolism of carbs, fats, and proteins
Yields energy
Energy metabloism
Begins in the cytoplasm with the initial breakdown of glucose
Mitochondria
Where the remaining steps of energy metabolism take place
Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP)
A high energy compound that our cells can use to do work