Pathology Quiz 7

Pathology Quiz 7 / Pittsburgh Institute of Mortuary Science / Exam date: 4/1/25

Neoplasm

A tumor

The abnormal, excessive and uncontrollable multiplication of cells with the formation of a mass or new growth of tissue

Oncology

Scientific study of tumors

Carcinoma

Forms in the skin or tissue cells that line the body's internal organs, such as the kidneys and liver

Most common type of cancer

Sarcoma

Grows in the body's connective tissue cells, which include fat, blood vessels, nerves, bones, muscles, deep skin tissues and cartilage

Benign tumors characteristics

Kind, gentle, not harmful in effect: in particular, not malignant

Growth by expansion

No metastasis

Generally, do not return after surgical removal

Do not cause extensive tissue damage

Do not cause whole body damage

Resemble tissue of origin

Generally, are not fatal

Adenoma

A glandular tumor is found in the breasts, thyroid glands, and the mucous glands of the intestinal tract

(benign epithelial)

Papilloma

Grows as a projecting mass on the skin or from an inner mucous membrane, an example being a common wart

(benign epithelial)

Nevus

A skin tumor that contains a dark pigment called melanin, an example being the common mole

(benign epithelial)

Polyp

A growth or mass of tissue that protrudes from the mucous membrane

(benign epithelial)

Osteoma

A tumor of the bone. It may appear as a swelling or have no symptoms at all

It usually develops at the end of a long bone

(benign connective tissue)

Chondroma

A tumor originating from the bone marrow, usually in the long bones or pelvis

(benign connective tissue)

Lipoma

A soft, fatty tumor that develops in the adipose or fatty tissue

(benign connective tissue)

Angioma

A tumor composed of blood vessels, an example being a typical red birthmark or "port wine" stain

(benign connective tissue)

Fibroma

Composed of fibrous or connective tissue

They can grow in all organs

(benign connective tissue)

Leiomyoma

Also known as fibroids, is a benign smooth muscle tumor that very rarely becomes cancer (0.1%)

They can occur in any organ, but the most common forms occur in the uterus, small bowel, and the esophagus

(benign connective tissue)

Rhabdomyoma

A rhabdomyoma is a benign tumor of striated muscle

(benign muscle tissue)

Neuroma

Tumors originating from the nerves

They are composed of cells enveloping the axons

A very common benign neuromas is Morton's neuroma

(benign nervous tissue)

Malignant neoplasms

Composed of carcinoma and sarcoma extensively intermixed

Any malignant growth or tumor caused by abnormal and uncontrolled cell division

May spread to other parts of the body through the bloodstream or the lymphatic system. They may also invade nearby tissues

Malignant characteristics

Growth by infiltration

Metastasis can occur

Can reoccur when surgically removed

Can cause extensive tissue and body changes

Tumor does not resemble surrounding tissue

Mortality rate

Melanoma

Form of skin cancer that arises when pigment-producing cells (melanocytes) mutate and become cancerous

Can occur in the eyes (ocular melanoma), rarely intestines

(malignant epithelial tissue)

Squamous cell carcinoma

Second most common form of skin cancer

Usually found on areas of the body damages by UV

Head, neck, chest, upper back, ears, lips, arms, legs, and hands

Fairly slow-growing skin cancer

(malignant epithelial tissue)

Adenocarcinoma

A type of cancer that forms in the glands

(malignant epithelial tissue)

Transitional cell carcinoma (urothelial carcinoma)

A type of cancer that typically occurs in the urinary system

Most common type of bladder cancer and cancer or the ureter, urethra, and urachus

(malignant epithelial tissue)

Basal cell carcinoma

A type of skin cancer in the basal cells

• A type of cell within the skin that produces new skin cells as old ones die off

Often appears as a slightly transparent bump on the skin, through it can take other forms

(malignant epithelial tissue)

Osteosarcoma

A type of cancer that produces immature bone

It is the most common type of cancer that arises in bones, and it is usually found at the end of long bones, often around the knee

Most people diagnosed with osteosarcoma are under the age of 25, and it is thought to occur more often in males

(malignant connective tissue)

Chondrosarcoma

A cancer composed of cells derived from transformed cells that produce cartilage

A member of a category of tumors of bone and soft tissue known as sarcomas

(malignant connective tissue)

Liposarcoma

A rare type of cancer that begins in the fat cells

Type of soft tissue sarcoma

Can occur in fat cells in any part of the body, but most cases occur in the muscles of the limbs or in the abdomen

(malignant connective tissue)

Angiosarcoma

A cancer of the inner lining of the blood vessels, and ir can occur in any part of the body

Most commonly occurs in the skin, breast, liver, spleen, and deep tissue

(malignant connective tissue)

Fibrosarcoma (fibroblastic sarcoma)

Malignant mesenchymal (stem cell) tumor

Usually found in males aged 30-40

(malignant connective tissue)

Lymphosarcoma (lymphoma)

Cancer of lymphocytes (a type of blood cell) and lymphoid tissues

Lymphoid tissue is normally present in many places of the body including lymph nodes, spleen, liver, gastrointestinal tract, and bone marrow

(malignant connective tissue)

Rhabdomyosarcoma

A cancer of soft tissue (muscles), connective tissue (tendon/cartilage), or bone

Usually begins in muscles that are attached to bones that help the body move

(malignant muscle tissue)

Leiomyosarcoma (LMS)

Can develop in muscle, fat, blood vessels, or any of the other tissues that support, surround, and protect the organs of the body

One of the more common types of soft tissue sarcoma to develop in adults

(malignant muscle tissue)

Glioma

Type of tumor that starts in the glial cells of the brain or the spine

Comprise about 30% of all brain tumors and central nervous system tumors, and 80% of all malignant brain tumors

(malignant nervous tissue)

Sebaceous cyst

Small lumps that arise within the skin on the face, upper back and upper chest

A sebaceous cyst can form when the opening to a sebaceous gland becomes blocked