joint motions

Flexion

Decreases the angle between body segments

Extension

Increases the angle between body segments

Hyper extension

Extension beyond anatomical position

Abduction

Movement away from the midline

Adduction

Movement toward the midline

Horizontal abduction

Shoulder is abducted to 90 degrees and moves laterally

Horizontal adduction

Shoulder is abducted to 90 degrees and moves medially

Radial deviation

hand moves laterally, or toward the radial/ thumb side of the hand

Ulnar deviation

Hand moves medially, or toward the ulnar / little finger side of the hand

Lateral flexion

Spine bends to the side

Medial (internal) rotation

Anterior surface of a limb rotates toward midline

Lateral (external) rotation

Anterior surface of a limb rotates away from midline

Circumduction

Circular motion combining multiple movements: flexion, adduction, with rotation

Supination

Palm is oriented posteriorly

Supination

Palm is oriented anteriorly

Dorsiflexion

Toes pointed uo

Plantarflexiom

Toes pointed down

Inversion

Sole faces medially

Eversion

Sole faces laterally

Opposition

Pad of thumb faces the pads of other 4 fingers

Reposition

Returns thumb to anatomical position

Scapular protraction

Movement of scapula laterally along with posterior chest wall

Reposition

Returns thumb to anatomical position

Scapular protraction

Movement of scapula laterally along the posterior chest wall

Scapular retraction

Movement of scapula medically along the posterior chest wall

Scapular elevation

Movement of scapula superiorly along the posterior chest wall

Scapular depression

Movement of scapula inferiorly along the posterior chest wall